Abolition
This term names the movement that called for the immediate end of slavery in the United States.
Abolition (the abolition movement)
Define “sectionalism”
Excessive devotion to local interests and customs of a region
One item of the Compromise of 1850 made California enter the Union as what type of state: free or slave?
Free state
Which 1861 attack on a Union fort in Charleston Harbor began open hostilities between North and South?
Fort Sumter
Which amendment abolished slavery in the United States?
13th Amendment
Name two prominent abolitionists listed in the notes who wrote, spoke, or helped enslaved people gain freedom.
Frederick Douglass, William Lloyd Garrison, Lucretia Mott, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Sojourner Truth, Harriet Tubman, David Walker, Nat Turner
List two economic or social differences between the North and South that contributed to sectionalism.
North: industry, large cities, diverse population; South: agricultural, plantation economy, slavery
Which harsh law in the Compromise required citizens to assist in apprehending runaway enslaved people?
Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
Which battle is described as the “bloodiest single day in American history” and helped prompt the Emancipation Proclamation?
Battle of Antietam
What federal agency was created to help freed people with food, healthcare, and schools?
Freedmen’s Bureau
Explain one way Northern industries benefited from the national cotton economy tied to slavery.
Northern industries, shipping, and finance profited from processing, transporting, and trading cotton produced by slave labor
Explain how the balance of states in Congress related to the slavery conflict and sectional power.
More states in a section meant more representation in Congress, affecting political power over slavery
The Compromise allowed the territories of Utah and New Mexico to decide slavery by what method?
Popular sovereignty
Which Union victory and siege (May–July 1863) gave the Union control of the Mississippi River?
Battle/Siege of Vicksburg
Describe the main idea of Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan for Reconstruction.
Pardons for most Southerners; readmit states when 10% pledged allegiance and wrote slavery abolition into constitutions
Which 1852 novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe helped galvanize anti-slavery sentiment in the North? (Identify title.)
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
What political concept did Southerners use to argue they could keep slavery or even secede from the Union?
States’ rights
Name one provision of the Compromise of 1850 that applied specifically to Washington, D.C.
Permitted slavery in Washington, D.C., but outlawed the slave trade in the District
Which three-day battle (July 1–3, 1863) is called the turning point of the Civil War?
Battle of Gettysburg
Name two Reconstruction Amendments (beyond the 13th) and state the primary right or guarantee each provided.
14th Amendment — guaranteed citizenship and equal protection; 15th Amendment — prohibited denying voting rights based on race/color/previous condition of servitude
David Walker and Nat Turner are examples of abolitionist actors; describe one form of resistance enslaved people used, as noted in the slides.
Resistance included preserving family and culture, running away, rebellion (e.g., Nat Turner), and other forms of daily resistance
Identify and explain one cause listed in the notes that made the US “more like two separate countries” before the Civil War.
Causes: economic differences (industry vs. agriculture), slavery debates, political power struggles, cultural loyalties
Explain how the Compromise of 1850 attempted to balance free and slave interests after the Mexican Cession (give two specific provisions).
Balanced by admitting California as a free state, enacting Fugitive Slave Act, and allowing popular sovereignty in new territories
Explain how the Anaconda Plan related to the Union’s strategy and name one battle or campaign that fulfilled that strategy.
The Anaconda Plan aimed to blockade the coast and control the Mississippi to split the Confederacy; Vicksburg fulfilled the Mississippi objective; naval blockades and coastal operations enforced the blockade
Contrast briefly Andrew Johnson’s Reconstruction approach with the Radical Republicans’ approach and name the congressional action taken against Johnson.
Johnson: forgiving, required allegiance and acceptance of 13th Amendment, favored states’ rights
Radical Republicans: punish and reorganize the South, full citizenship for African Americans; Congress impeached Andrew Johnson