Spanish Settlements
This Spanish settlement type used churches, priests, farms, and religious instruction to convert Indigenous peoples and expand Spanish influence.
A mission
This Portuguese prince funded early voyages to Atlantic islands and down the western coast of Africa, even though he did not personally lead the major expeditions.
Prince Henry the Navigator
This European disease devastated Indigenous populations because many people in the Americas had no immunity to it
Smallpox
This explorer discovered what would become the Hudson River in 1609 while working for Dutch interests and searching for a route to Asia.
Henry Hudson
This 1517 document listed Martin Luther's criticisms of indulgences and Church practices.
95 Theses
What is a presidio?
Fortified military settlements that protected Spanish territory, settlements, and missions
This Portuguese explorer rounded the Cape of Good Hope in 1488, proving ships could sail from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean.
Bartolomeu Dias
This describes taking control of another land, its resources, and often its people
This Dutch settlement on Manhattan Island later became New York City after England took over the colony.
New Amsterdam
These controversial Church documents became extremely controversial because they removed one's sin in exchange for money
Indulgences
This Spanish word described a civilian town with homes, a plaza, a church, farms, and local government.
A pueblo
This explorer crossed the Isthmus of Panama in 1513 and became the first European known to see the Pacific Ocean from the Americas.
Vasco Nunez De Balboa
This term describes a territory or group of territories ruled by one government or ruler.
Empire
Unlike Spain's focus on gold and silver, both the French and Dutch built much of their North American colonial economies around this valuable animal product.
Beaver pelts / Furs
This invention helped Luther's writings and Reformation ideas spread rapidly through Europe
The printing press
This type of settlement focused on extracting valuable resources such as gold and silver.
Mining Town
This Portuguese explorer led a Spanish-funded expedition beginning in 1519, found a passage through South America, but died before the voyage would be completed.
Ferdinand Magellan
This was a major result of Spanish colonization in which Indigenous communities lost control of land as it was claimed for settlements, mines, farms, and ranches
This river served as a major route for French Trade, exploration, and settlement in North America
St. Lawrence River
This term describes the 16th-century movement that divided Western Christianity into Catholic and Protestant traditions.
The Protestant Reformation
What is a hacienda?
A large Spanish colonial farm or ranch worked by laborers and owned by an estate holder.
Put the following explorers and their voyages in chronological order:
Giovanni Da Verrazzano
Henry Hudson
Vasco Da Gama
Vasco Nunez Da Balboa
Gama, Balboa, Verrazzano, Hudson
Name 2 factors, besides weapons, that helped the Spanish conquer the Aztec or Inca Empire.
Indigenous alliances, disease, civil war / political divisions, interpreters and diplomacy, capture of a ruler, knowledge of local politics, siege tactics.
Name one similarity between New France and New Netherland
Relied on fur trade, relied on relationships with Indigenous peoples; both were centered on major bodies of water (NF: St. Lawrence and Great Lakes; NN: Hudson River)
According to Martin Luther, this should be the highest authority for Christian belief.