Potpourri
QH2 + 2 Fe3+ → Q + 2 Fe2+ + 2H+
What reaction occurs at complex III of the electron transport chain?
NADH + Q + 5H+ → NAD+ + QH2 + 4H+
What reaction occurs at complex I of the electron transport chain?
Of the following enzymes, glucokinase, pyruvate kinase, phosphoglycerate kinase, pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and phosphofructokinase, the only one the is common to gluconeogenesis and glycolysis.
What is phosphoglycerate kinase?
This cofactor activates citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase within the TCA cycle?
What is ADP?
NO or NH3? Which one is a reactive nitrogen oxygen species?
NO?
Succinate + Q → fumarate + QH2
What reaction occurs at complex II of the electron transport chain?
The malate-aspartate shuttle transfers NADH while the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle transfers FADH2.
Why does the malate-aspartate shuttle produce more ATP than the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle?
Debranching enzyme
Which enzyme is cleaves α-1,6 glycosidic linkages in glycogen?
The name of the reactions that replenish intermediates within the TCA cycle so that it can continue producing NADH, FADH2, and GTP.
What is anaplerotic?
OK, which of you made all of these lipid peroxides in my membrane?
What are oxygen radicals?
4 Fe2+ + O2 + 4 H+ → 4 Fe3+ + 2 H2O
What reaction occurs at complex IV of the electron transport chain?
I wish I had these in my mitochondria, since the mutations in my mitochondrial DNA are just piling up as I get older.
What are DNA repair mechanisms?
What are pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase?
I have to stop drinking alcohol. Last weekend the party got out of control and I found that I increased my levels of this cofactor so much that I started converting my pyruvate to lactic acid.
What is NADH?
Really, H2O2 and HClO were not enough? Try using this enzyme to make superoxide to kill the bacteria.
What is NADPH oxidase?
It may be a free radical but it is not all bad. It can also function as a neurotransmitter and vasodilator.
What is nitric oxide (NO)?
I wish that lazy complex would start pumping protons like the rest of us.
Who is complex II (succinate dehydrogenase/ETF:Q oxidoreductase)?
It activates calmodulin which in turn activates phosphorylase kinase to stimulate glycogenolysis.
What is one function of Ca2+ in the contraction of muscle cells.
Both of these enzymes within the TCA cycle are directly activated by this increase in Ca2+ concentration.
What are isocitrate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase?
Initiation, propagation, oxidative damage, and termination
What is the correct sequence of the four major steps in the damage caused by oxygen radicals to lipids?
What do you mean you can't find any? It is the most widely distributed antioxidant in nature.
What is vitamin E?
Start breathing again or we may have to kill the cell. This is causing your mitochondrial permeability transition pores (MPTPs) to stay opened.
What is hypoxia?
This strenuous running has resulted in a lot of ATP use. Sure am glad that the AMP being produced is going to activate these two enzymes?
What are glycogen phosphorylase b and phosphofructokinase 1?
Still need to move these through the adenosine nucleotide translocase and then through the voltage dependent anion channel so that they can be used by other parts of the cell.
What is the ATP that has been produced by oxidative phosphorylation?
Nitric oxide synthase uses this amino acid to produce reactive nitrogen oxygen species (RNOS) nitric oxide.
What is arginine?