Renaissance
Who held most of the power during the Italian Renaissance?
The Catholic Church
Heliocentric theory vs. Geocentric Theory?
Heliocentric theory- The Sun is at the center
Geocentric Theory: The Earth is at the center
Montesquieu's ideas include what?
Separation of Powers
The Industrial Revolution was caused by borrowed foreign technology, wartime blockades, a wealth of natural resources, and rapid advancements in transportation. True or false
True
Alfred Mahon: U.S. Navy officer, military historian, and strategist whose theories on sea power profoundly shaped modern naval warfare and geopolitics. He wrote a book called The Influence of Sea Power Upon History and ended up opening trade with China. True or false?
True
What was the Renaissance?
a period of intense cultural, artistic, and intellectual "rebirth" that began in Italy during the 14th century and lasted until the 17th century, marking the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity
What was the Scientific Revolution?
Period of major changes in science, math, and thought that happened in Europe between 1500 and 1700.
What was the enlightenment?
17th- and 18th-century European intellectual movement that emphasized human reason, science, and individualism over tradition and religious authority
What was the Industrial Revolution?
W H E N S O C I E T I E S S H I F T E D F R O M
F A R M I N G A N D H A N D M A D E G O O D S
M A C H I N E - D R I V E N F A C T O R Y
M A N U F A C T U R I N G
Karl Marx: The Communist Manifesto was what
Everyone shares the wealth in the government.
Humanism
Humanism: Scholars shifted to focus on human potential, science, and the value of life on Earth, not just religion, which started the scientific revolution
Who helped create the scientific method?
Francis Bacon
Voltaire ideas include what?
that human reason should be the ultimate guide for society, challenging traditional authority.
Name 3 Social changes/ effects on society by the Revolution
Working Class Emerges, Mass Production, Global Trade, Capitalism, Urbanization, Social Class Changes
John Maynard Keynes was who/ did what
One of the key components of today’s economics. He gave the idea that people can finance something with borrowed money to a certain limit. This idea is deficit spending, where a government purposefully borrows money to finance public projects and stimulate demand during economic slumps.
What are at least 3 causes of the Renaissance?
• Wealth from Trade
• Wealthy people: Rich banking families, like the Medici in Florence, used their money to pay artists, writers, and thinkers.
• Rediscovery of Ancient Texts:
• The Fall of Constantinople (1453):
• The need for foreign trade, the need for ships, maps,
• HumanismRoman
What did the following people do during the revolution?Newton, Ptolemy, Copernicus
Newton: Laws of Gravity and Motion
Ptolemy: Proposed Geocentric
Copernicus: Proposed Heliocentric
Scientific Revolution
Printing press:
The Renaissance:
Protestant Reformation:
How did the Industrial Revolution affect how society lived, and in what way did society change in technological innovation?
People relied on machines rather than farming, resulting in mass production and an increase in the middle class. Led to capitalism
Used a more efficient way to power technology, allowing easier access to building cities and homes. Inventions allowed efficiency in production, which led to capitalism and urban factories.
Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations, which was a book about the economy, was split into 4 core ideas such as
Division of Labor, The Invisible Hand, Laissez-Faire / Free Markets, Limited Government
What are the three major causes of the Renaissance?
Humanism:
Spread of Ideas: The invention of the printing press helped Renaissance ideas spread from Italy to the rest of Europe. Letting scholars share and build on their newfound findings
Religious Reformation: Questioning catholic church lead to the Protestant Reformation.
What was one cause of the Enlightenment? What was the main effect of the Enlightenment?
Name 3 figures of the Enlightenment and what they did, other than Voltaire and Montesquieu
• Rousseau: Wrote The Social Contract. Believed government is an agreement with the people. Championed the voice of the common people.
• Smith: Capitalism basics. Laissez - faire economics. Little government regulation. Invisible hand: the economy naturally balances itself over time
• Diderot: Created the Encyclopédie.
• Kant: Sought to reconcile rationalism and empiricism, arguing that while knowledge beginswith experience, the mind actively shapes how we understand the world.
• Hobbes: Argued that to escape the chaos of the state of nature, people must surrender authority to an absolute ruler.
• Locke: Concept of natural rights-life, liberty, and property.
Descartes: emphasized systematic doubt, leading to the famous statement "I think, therefore I
am. Developed analytic geometry, linking algebra and geometry, and established a rationalist
approach to knowledge
• Newton: His laws of motion and universal gravitation provided a rational and predictable understanding of the physical universe.
• Hume critically examined the origins of religious belief, arguing that fear and superstition-not divine truth-often shaped religion.
• Paine: Common Sense argued for American independence in plain, persuasive language, inspiring widespread support for revolution.
Name 3 innovations created during the Industrial Revolution.
How are the eras connected with each other? Explain with detail
The Renaissance, Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment, and Industrial Revolution are connected in a chain of cause and effect where each era's new ideas built the foundation for the next.