Reconstruction Plans
Which Reconstruction Plan required a smaller percentage of voters to take a loyalty oath to rejoin the Union and focused on forgiving?
Lincoln's Plan
What are reservations?
Land Native Americans were forced to live on that was harder to live on, leading to hardship and poverty for many tribes.
What President was impeached? Why?
- Johnson
- Thought he was blocking Reconstruction
- Attempt to fire the Secretary of War, Edwin Stanton (who was a Radical Republican)
What were former enslaved African Americans that moved from the South after Reconstruction to the West called?
Exodusters
What Act required government job-seekers to take and pass exams to receive a job proving they are qualified?
The Pendleton Civil Service Act
As part of the Radical Republican's plan, what was established to help freed slaves and white refugees by providing education, food, medicine, and redistributed land?
Freedmen's Bureau
What were 2 causes that led to the downfall of the Plains Indians?
- Diseases (often also seen on reservations)
- Killing of buffalo
What is Sharecropping and what did it do?
A new way of farming that required poor planters and freed slaves to borrow items to begin their farms. These items became debt that had to be paid with the money leftover after 50% goes to the landowner.
This continued the cycle of poverty. Hard to make enough to pay landowner and get out of debt.
What did the Homestead Act do?
- Offered farm plots of 160 acres
- Homesteaders had to live on the land for 5 years
- Homesteaders had to build a well
-Homesteaders had to build a road
What party organization held power by trading jobs, favors, and services for votes, focusing on winning the loyalty of large immigrant groups by promising solutions to problems they faced?
Political Machines
Which plan required personal pardons by the president?
Johnson's Plan
What replaced Reservations by dividing up reservation land and gave it to Native American families to begin farming called?
Dawes General Allotment Act (Dawes Act)
What were some challenges/laws the South establish to limit the freedom and rights of freed African Americans?
- Black Codes
- Grandfather Clause
- Jim Crowe Laws
- Poll Taxes
- Literacy Tests
What group targeted large ranches as a way to fight against land being taken from Mexican-Americans?
The Las Gorras Blancas
What was the Gold Standard?
Gold Standard: Government used gold as nation's currency.
What were the goals of the Radical Republican's plans?
- Punish the South
- Divide South into district
- Equal treatment of freed men
- Ratify the 14th Amendment
- 50% (majority) oath of loyalty
What ended the Ghost War and marked the end of the Indian Wars?
Wounded Knee
What ended Reconstruction?
- Hayes elected as the President
- Federal troops moved out of Southern states
- Compromise of 1877
Who were the self-appointed law enforcers that punished lawbreakers in "Boomtowns"?
Vigilantes
What organization provided farmers with education on new techniques and wanted railroad/grain elevator rates to be regulated?
The Grange
What did each new Amendment do?
- 13th Amendment
- 14th Amendment
-15th Amendment
13th: Made slavery illegal
14th: Granted equality, citizenship, and civil rights for for all American citizens
15th: It is illegal to deny anyone the right to vote based on race
What is assimilation? What are 2 ways we learned about that showed assimilation among Native Americans?
Assimilation: to adopt the culture and civilization of the dominant group in a society. In this case, white settlers.
Ex: Dawes Act, Boarding Schools, encouraging the change in dress, traditional dances, feasts, and religions were discouraged.
Who were "scalawags?"
Who were "carpetbaggers," and what did they do?
Scalawags: White men who were locked out of pre-war politics by their wealthier neighbors. Became allies with the Carpetbaggers.
Carpetbaggers: Northern men who moved South to improve their economic and political situations. Goals was to help make life better for the freedmen. They came to make their fortunes from the South's misfortune. Many were young and literate.
How did the Transcontinental help people? How did it hurt people? (one reason each)
Help: Connect the country, helped with cattle drives, moved goods across the country
Hurt: Environment, killing of buffalo, high prices for farmers to transport goods, removal of Native Americans from land
What were the goals of the Populist Party? What happened to them?
Sought to build a new political party. Platform warned about the dangers of political corruption, inadequate $ supply, and unresponsive government.
Eventually dissolved. Many supporters later joined the Democratic Party.