Biology Basics
The smallest unit of life that can perform all required activities
Cell
This subatomic particle determines the identity of an element
Proton
Most common monosaccharide
Glucose
These are the two major types of cells.
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
This model describes the membrane as a mosaic of proteins in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.
Fluid mosaic model
The three domains of life
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
These are atoms of the same element that differ in number of neutrons.
Isotopes
This polysaccharide stores glucose in plants
Starch
This structure contains DNA in a prokaryotic cell
Nucleoid
This is the diffusion of free water across a selectively permeable membrane
Osmosis
This term means reducing complex systems to simpler components to make them easier to study
Reductionism
This type of bond forms when atoms share electrons unequally.
Polar covalent bond
This process joins monomers together by removing/releasing water
Dehydration reaction
These four things are found in all cells
plasma membrane, cytosol, chromosomes, and ribosomes
This type of transport moves substances down their concentration gradient through a protein with no net energy input
Facilitated diffusion
The process in which individuals best suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce
Natural selection
An acid does this to H+ concentration.
Increases H Concentration
These are the four major classes of biological macromolecules
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
This organelle is associated with lipid synthesis, detoxification, carbohydrate metabolism, and calcium storage
Smooth ER
Water moves toward the side with this
Higher solute concentration
Taxonomic levels in order
Domain -> Kingdom -> Phylum -> Class -> Order -> Family -> Genus -> Species
Name the four important emergent properties of water.
cohesive behavior, ability to moderate temperature, expansion upon freezing, and versatile solvent
The four levels of protein structure?
Cytoskeletal structures in order from thickest to thinnest
microtubules → intermediate filaments → microfilaments
Three stages of cell signaling in order
Reception -> Transduction -> Response