Epidemiology
This model explains disease occurrence using the interaction between a host, an agent, and the environment.
What is the Epidemiological Triangle?
This poisonous plant causes photosensitisation and is commonly known as Devil's Thorn.
What is Tribulus terrestris?
These compounds are produced by plants to deter herbivores.
What are allelochemicals?
This digestive organ is the primary fermentation chamber in ruminants.
What is the rumen?
These parasites live on the outside of a host and feed on blood.
What are ectoparasites?
These two host types may carry disease without showing clinical signs. What are carrier hosts and
reservoir hosts?
This common invasive ornamental plant can cause liver damage and photosensitisation.
What is Lantana camara?
This enzyme helps animals detoxify cyanide poisoning.
What is rhodanese?
This condition occurs when animals cannot expel rumen gases.
What is bloatedness (bloat)?
This behaviour is used by ticks when searching for a host.
What is questing?
This form of transmission occurs when an animal becomes infected after consuming contaminated food or water.
What is ingestion?
This poisonous plant is also known as Gifblaar and contains monofluoroacetic acid.
Dichapetalum cymosum?
These compounds bind proteins and decrease digestibility in herbivores.
What are tannins?
Excess starch and grain consumption commonly causes this ruminal condition.
What is acidosis?
This hard plate on the dorsal surface is important in tick identification.
What is the scutum (or conscutum)?
A disease consistently present in a population with little fluctuation is described by this term.
What is endemic?
This behavioural adaptation helps wildlife avoid consuming poisonous plants.
What is avoidance behaviour?
This plant compound is responsible for causing bloat in ruminants.
What are saponins?
This process introduces beneficial microbes to restore rumen function.
What is rumen inoculation?
Ticks whose immature and adult stages feed on different hosts are called this.
What are ditropic ticks?
Explain how the environment can influence disease transmission.
What is through factors such as rainfall, humidity, temperature, sanitation, housing conditions, and vector abundance?
Name three strategies that wildlife managers can use to prevent plant poisoning.
What are preventing overgrazing, fencing off poisonous plant areas, conducting plant surveys, controlled burns, or providing diverse grazing opportunities?
Describe the two phases of metabolic detoxification in herbivores.
What are primary degradation and secondary degradation?
Name three consequences of protein deficiency in wildlife.
What are weight loss, debility, reduced growth, or reproductive problems?
Name three challenges ticks face in the physical environment.
What are dehydration, starvation, extreme temperatures, predators, or pathogens?