Neurons & Glia
Another name for the cell body of the neuron
What is the soma?
This virus reaches neuronal cell bodies using retrograde axoplasmic transport and can later use anterograde transport to produce recurrent blisters on the lips.
What is HSV-1?
The membrane potential when diffusion force = electrical force
What is the ionic equilibrium potential (E_ion)?
In this part of the action potential membrane potential closest to the equilibrium potential of potassium.
What is the undershoot?
This philosopher proposed that fluid flowing through nerves caused behavior and movement.
The glia that myelinate axons in the CNS
What are oligodendrocytes?
Three brain abnormalities that you'd expect to see in a patient with Alzheimer's disease.
What is neurofibrillary tangles, axonal degeneration, tau protein dissociation?
Also accepted: MTL atrophy, amyloid plaques
The membrane protein that helps maintain the concentration gradient
If an axonal membrane is briefly depolarized above threshold, a single action potential is fired. If depolarization above threshold is continued longer than necessary to evoke a single action potential, this will occur. Are there more action potentials identical to the first? Specify differences (if any) in amplitude or duration.
What is more action potentials identical to the first. (no difference in amplitude/duration)
Of the ions discussed in lecture (K⁺, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, and Cl⁻), this ion has the equilibrium potential farthest from zero.
What is Ca2+(+123mv)?
The stain that stains entire cells
What is the Golgi stain?
A neuroscientist discovers a mutation that causes all dendritic spines to become unusually long and spindly. This abnormality would most likely be associated with this broad class of disorders.
What is General Intellectual Impariment?
The resting membrane potential (numerical value)
What is -65 mV?
The phase of the action potential in which K+ conductance is highest.
What is the undershoot?
What is the Neuron Doctrine?
The gaps in myelination on an axon
Nodes of Ranvier
You are a voltage-gated sodium channel at a node of Ranvier. A disease has caused a ton of damage to the area around you, forcing action potentials to be regenerated more frequently and slowing conduction velocity. What disease is most likely affecting the patient?
What is MS(multiple sclerosis)?
When ions move through a channel down their concentration gradient
What is facilitated diffusion?
Name 2 neuronal abnormalities that would increase neuronal excitability and make action potentials more likely to occur.
What is a lack of an action potential undershoot?
What is slow Na+ channel inactivation?
What is an absence of voltage-gated K+ channels?
What is voltage-gated Na+ channels that close after being open much longer than 1 msec?
What is high numbers of voltage-gated Na+ channels?
The motor protein used in anterograde axoplasmic transport
What is kinesin?
The intellectual impairment disorder associated with abnormally dense dendritic spines
What is Fragile X Syndrome?
You are a protein carrying vesicles toward an axon terminal when a virus enters a peripheral nerve from skeletal muscle. It hijacks the motor protein responsible for movement toward the soma and heads in the opposite direction from you. Name the disease, the molecule it hijacked, and the form of axoplasmic transport it exploited.
What is rabies?
What is dynein?
What is retrograde axoplasmic transport?
The equation that calculates Vm using ion permeabilities
What is the Goldman Hodgkin-Katz (GHK) equation?
Local anesthetics such as lidocaine work by stopping action potentials by blocking these ion channels. Specify the two states(open, closed, etc.) these channels must be in for this to be effective.
What is Na+ channels that are open or inactivated?
You are a neuron that has lost its myelin sheath. You still have a reasonable chance of regaining that myelin because it is normally produced by these cells.
What is Schwann cells?