fluids
what fluid imbalance causes edema, crackles, JVD, and a bounding pulse?
hypervolemia
what is the normal sodium range?
135-145
what is the normal potassium range
3.5-5.0
9-11
which electrolyte is associated with muscle relaxation?
magnesium
what fluid imbalnce causes hypotension, tachycardia, weak pulse, dry mucous membranes, and poor skin turgor?
hypovolemia
which sodium imbalance is associated with excess water or sodium loss?
hyponatremia
which potassium imbalance is described as low and slow?
hypokalemia
which two signs are classic for hypocalcemia
chvostek and trousseau signs
what happens to deep tendon reflexes in hypermagnesemia
they decrease
what type of IV solution pulls fluid out of cells, causing them to shrink?
hypertonic solution
which sodium imbalance can be caused by diabetes insipidus?
hypernatremia
what medication shifts potassium into cells during hyperkalemia treatment?
insulin
what hormones raises blood calcium levels
parathyroid hormone or PTH
what magnesium imbalance is associated with tachycardia, increased DTR, tetany, and muscle cramping?
hypomagnesemia
what type of IV solution causes water to move into cells, making them swell?
what neurological complications can occur with severe hyponatremia?
seizures and coma
which medication is given in hyperkalemia to protect the heart?
calcium gluconate
which calcium imbalance is remembered by bones, stones, groans, thrones, and psychiatric overtones
hypercalcemia
what potentially dangerous cardiac rhythm is associated with hypomagnesemia
torsades de pointes
name three colloids listed in the notes
albumin, fresh frozen plasma, dextran
why must severe hyponatremia be corrected slowly?
rapid correction can cause severe neurologic damage
name three treatments that actuall remove potassium from the body in hyperkalemia?
diuretics, dialysis, and kayexalate
calcium and phosphate have what type of relationship
inverse relationship, when one rises, the other tends to fall
name three causes of hypomagnesemia
polyuria, diarrhea, alcohol use, malabsorption, or malnutrition