Vocab
An intellectual movement that focused on human potential, achievement, and the study of classical Greek and Roman works.
Humanism
A Christian who belongs to a church that separated from the Catholic Church during the Reformation.
Protestant
German monk who challenged the Catholic Church in 1517 and became a major leader of the Protestant Reformation.
Martin Luther
The Catholic Church’s effort to reform itself and respond to the Protestant Reformation.
Counter-Reformation
A period of renewed interest in art, learning, and ideas from ancient Greece and Rome.
Renaissance
A focus on worldly life and ideas rather than religion.
Secularism
A Protestant religion based on the teachings of Martin Luther.
Lutheranism
Holy Roman Emperor who ruled a large European empire and opposed the spread of Protestantism
Charles V
Being officially removed from membership in the Catholic Church.
Excommunication
A machine developed that made books much faster and cheaper to produce.
Gutenberg Printing Press
Martin Luther’s 1517 list of criticisms of practices within the Catholic Church
95 Theses
A Protestant belief system based on the teachings of John Calvin, including predestination.
Calvinism
King of England who broke with the Catholic Church and helped establish the Church of England.
Henry VIII
A 1500s movement that challenged the Catholic Church and led to the creation of Protestant churches.
Reformation
A wealthy person who financially supported artists, writers, or scholars.
Patron
A payment or other act connected to the Catholic Church that was believed to reduce punishment for sins.
Indulgence
A Protestant Christian tradition that developed in England under Henry VIII.
Anglicanism
A Christian humanist who criticized abuses in the Catholic Church and encouraged religious reform.
The belief that God has already determined who will be saved.
Predestination
An artistic technique that creates the appearance of depth and distance in a painting.
Perspective
A government in which religious leaders or religious laws have major control over government.
Theocracy
A Catholic religious order that helped spread Catholicism and education during the Counter-Reformation.
Jesuits
King of France who supported Renaissance art and culture and competed with Charles V for power in Europe.
King Francis I
A Catholic Church meeting from 1545–1563 that addressed Church abuses and clarified Catholic beliefs.
Council of Trent
An Italian city that became a major center of Renaissance art, culture, and banking.
Florence