Lungs
Is emphysema an obstructive or restrictive lung disease?
Obstructive
Your confused and agitated patient has ripped out there chest tube. What type dressing should you place over the site?
A sterile, non-porous occlusive dressing taped down securely on three sides to act as a flutter valve.
When should labs and cardiac imaging be taken during cancer treatment?
Before initial treatment to establish a baseline and periodically after (exact time is drug dependent).
This rare cancer affecting blood and lymph vessels, typically presenting as distinct purple, red, or brown lesions on the skin or inside the mouth most commonly affects patients diagnosed with HIV/AIDs.
Kaposi’s sarcoma
JVD is a sign of which type of heart failure?
Right Sided Heart Failure
What population is most commonly diagnosed with primary tension pneumothorax?
Tall, young men between the agesof 10 and 30 years old
What is the difference between a carcinoma and a sarcoma?
A carcinoma originates in the epithelial tissue.
A sarcoma originates in the connective tissue.
When is a patient clinically diagnosed with AIDs?
CD4 count of 200 or less.
or
At any CD4 count if they develop an AIDS-defining condition
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), Kaposi sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (such as Burkitt's lymphoma), HIV-related encephalopathy, or severe bacterial or viral conditions.
At what level can toxicology occur for Theodur (theophylline).
20mcg/ml
What is the emergent procedure needed to be performed in the setting of a tension pneumothorax?
Large bore needle inserted in affected side to pull out air followed by chest tube placement
What is neoadjuvant therapy?
When cancer treatment (radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy) is given before surgery to optimize results.
If a mother is HIV+, will the baby also contract HIV?
No, a baby will not automatically be HIV-positive. All babies born to HIV-positive mothers will temporarily test positive on standard HIV antibody tests because antibodies cross the placenta from the mother. This does not mean the baby is infected.
Without treatment: The risk of passing HIV to the baby during pregnancy, labor, delivery, or breastfeeding ranges from 15% to 45%.
With treatment: If the mother takes Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) and maintains an undetectable viral load, the risk of passing HIV to the baby drops to less than 1%.
What is the difference between a Power port-a-cath and a standard port-a-cath
Power port is reinforced to handle high-pressure contrast dye injections for scans like CTs or MRIs
Pulmonary edema is most commonly caused as a result of which illness?
Left Ventricular Heart Failure
What is the difference between a Iatrogenic and Traumatic pneumothorax?
Iatrogenic- a collapsed lung that happens as an accidental result of a medical procedure or treatment.
Traumatic- Often due to penetrating wound of the thoracic cage pleural membrane
Which folic acid antagonist is used to treat malignant and non-malignant conditions such as Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriasis, ad ectopic pregnancy.
methotrexate (MTX)
What is the difference between HIV PEP and HIV PrEP?
PEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis)- Emergency prevention after a potential HIV exposure, must be started with 72hrs from exposure.
PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis)- Ongoing prevention before potential HIV exposure.
Your patient has a chest tube in place, what emergency supplies should be at the bedside with the patient at all times?
hint * there are 3 items
In a bag:
-A sterile, non-porous occlusive dressing
-Tape
-Kelly clamps