The unauthorized copying, downloading, distribution, or commercial use of copyrighted software programs.
Example: Downloading a "cracked" version of paid video-editing software or sharing commercial license keys online.
What is Software Piracy
Malicious software is covertly installed on a system to track user activity, log keystrokes, intercept web browsing habits, and harvest sensitive personal data without the user's consent.
What is Spyware
The systematic manipulation, computation, and transformation of raw input data by the CPU into organized, meaningful information according to program rules.
Example: Calculating mathematical values in a spreadsheet or rendering 3D graphics in a video game
What is Processing
The foundational system software that manages computer hardware resources (CPU, RAM, storage, peripherals), organizes file systems, and provides common background services for application software.
What is Operating System (OS)
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Legal protections that grant original creators exclusive rights to reproduce, distribute, perform, display, or adapt their creative works.
Example: Needing a license or permission to use a commercial song as background music in a monetized video.
What is Copyright Laws
A dangerous form of malware that encrypts a victim's files, databases, or operating system, rendering them inaccessible until a monetary ransom (frequently in cryptocurrency) is paid to the attacker.
Example: An attack that locks a hospital's patient records system and displays a countdown timer demanding payment.
What is Ransomware
Non-volatile digital media designed to preserve operating systems, software programs, user files, and media long-term, even when the computer is turned off.
Examples: Solid State Drives (SSDs), Hard Disk Drives (HDDs), and USB flash drives.
What is Storage
Specialized software designed to help an end-user accomplish specific tasks or activities, distinct from the core operating system.
Examples: Google Docs, Adobe Photoshop, Spotify, and web browsers.
What is Application / App
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A legally binding set of rules, codes of conduct, and network guidelines that users must agree to follow to access a school, library, or corporate computer network.
Example: The agreement students sign at the beginning of the school year stating that they will not bypass web filters or play unauthorized games.
What is Acceptable Use Policy (AUP)
The act of identifying and exploiting weaknesses, flaws, or vulnerabilities in computer systems, digital devices, or network configurations to gain unauthorized access or control.
Example: Exploiting an unpatched security flaw in a website to access its customer database.
What is Hacking
The primary processor and "brain" of the computer that fetches, interprets, and executes software instructions and coordinates other system components.
Example: Intel Core, AMD Ryzen, or Apple M-series processors.
What is CPU (Central Processing Unit)
The intangible collection of instructions, programs, code scripts, and routines that direct computer hardware on how to execute tasks.
Examples: Operating systems, games, web browsers, and word processors.
What is Software
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Intellectual and creative works that are either free of copyright restrictions (Public Domain) or shared under open licenses that permit free use and adaptation under specified conditions (Creative Commons).
Example: Classical music compositions from the 18th century or educational graphics shared under a CC-BY license.
What is Common (Public Domain / Creative Commons)
An umbrella term (short for "malicious software") encompassing any code, program, or script deliberately engineered to compromise, disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorized access to computer systems.
Example: Viruses, worms, trojans, ransomware, and spyware all belong to the malware family.
What is Malware
Any hardware device, command, or signal used to feed external data and user instructions into a computer for processing.
Example: Keyboards, computer mice, microphones, touchscreen displays, and scanners.
What is Input
The visual layout, screens, menus, buttons, icons, and interactive elements through which a human user interacts with and controls a computer or software program.
Example: A Graphical User Interface (GUI) featuring clickable desktop icons, touch menus, and window controls.
What is User Interface (UI)
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Creations of the human mind protected by law, including inventions, literary and artistic works, designs, symbols, names, and images used in commerce.
Example: Patents on new computer chips, trademarks on brand logos, and copyrights on software source code
Intellectual Property (IP)
The criminal offense of obtaining and misusing another person's personal identification or financial information (such as a Social Security number, name, or credit card) without authorization, usually for financial gain.
Example: Using a victim's stolen personal information to take out loans or open credit card accounts in their name.
What is Identity Theft
High-speed, volatile temporary storage used by the CPU to hold the operating system, running applications, and active data currently in use.
Example: Having 16 GB of RAM allows you to smoothly run several web browser tabs and a game simultaneously (data is lost when power is turned off).
What is Memory (RAM - Random Access Memory)
A specialized system utility program that enables the operating system and software applications to communicate and interact smoothly with specific connected hardware peripherals.
Example: A printer driver that translates document layout data into commands that the specific printer hardware understands.
What is Driver
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