Historical Figures of Microbiology
Robert Koch suggested a series of _____ to confirm the causation of microorganisms and specific diseases
What is the bond that linked the polar head group and phytanyl chains in the cell membrane of archaea?
Ether bonds
What is the name for archaea that thrive in environments with high atmospheric pressure?
Barophiles
Name any 2 of the 6 core features/basic requirements for microbial life.
Metabolism, growth, reproduction, genetic variation/evolution, response/adaptation, homeostasis.
What shape is this?
Bacillus or rod-shaped
Louis Pasteur performed his "swan neck flask" experiment to disprove what?
Spontaneous generation
What are the two repeating sugar units found in the pseudomurein cell wall of archaea?
NAG and NAT
Members of the Crenarchaeota are found in extreme environments and are typically _____-philes or ____-philes.
thermophiles, hyperthermophiles
The phylogenetic tree is separated into 3 domains, which was based on the sequencing of ____
rRNA, ribosomal RNA
What shape is this?
Spiral or spirillum
Robert Hooke was the first person to discover microorganisms, who was the first person to see and discover individual bacterial cells under a microscope?
Antoine Van Leeuwenhoek
When performing a Gram stain, what if the purpose of adding iodine?
Acts as a mordant to trap crystal violet dye in Gram-Positive cell walls
Halobacterium increases the content of intracellular ___ in order to survive environments of high salinity.
K+, potassium
____ theory suggests that mitochondria and chloroplasts likely orginated from archaea ingesting ____.
Endosymbiotic, bacteria
What is the morphological term for a microorganism with many or irregular shapes?
Pleiomorphic
Along with George Fox, who introduced the domain of Archaea into the tree of life by sequencing rRNA?
Carl Woese
Within the cell walls of archaea, the phytanyl chains are made up of repeating units of what?
Isoprene
Eukaryotes package DNA by wrapping around 8 histone proteins, forming an octamer. How many histone proteins are used in DNA packaging in archaea?
4, forming a tetramer.
Which microorganism is attributed to the initial increase of oxygen in the atmosphere?
Ancestors of Cyanobacteria.
The archaea Haloquadratum walsbyi is morphologically distinct, as it closely resembles what shape?
Name 1 of the 2 scientists that performed the "primordial soup" experiment, which stimulates the "spark" that might have started forming basic molecules in the early conditions of life.
Miller and Urey
What kind of antibiotics kill bacteria by inhibiting FtsI and transpeptidation?
beta-lactam antibiotics
What enzyme is used in archaea to supercoil DNA in response to very high temperatures?
Reverse DNA gyrase
What molecule is said to be a possible precursor to life because of its ability to self-replicate and store genetic information?
Ribozymes
What is the multicellular organizational term for smooth, unbranched chains of cells?
Trichomes