Enlightenment
A 17th century and 18th century intellectual movement that questioned tradition and advocated for power being given to the people.
What is the Enlightenment?
The absolute monarch of France leading up to the French Revolution. He was unpopular within the Third Estate for neglecting the needs of the people.
Who is Louis XVI (16th)?
The overseas Revolution that inspired the French to start their own Revolution against tyranny.
What is the American Revolution?
The frightening period of the French Revolution where many "enemies of the state" were killed.
What was the Reign of Terror?
French Military leader who took power by staging a coup against the Directory of France.
Who is Napoleon?
Philosopher who believed every person was born with natural rights. Argued that any tyrannical government can be overthrown by its people.
Who is John Locke?
The social hierarchy in France before the Revolution that divided French society into 3 distinct groups.
What is the Estate System?
A major event where members of the Third Estate stormed the infamous French Prison the Bastille to acquire weapons and free political prisoners who were locked up under authority of the king.
What is the Storming of the Bastille?
The device used to execute members of the state during the Reign of Terror.
What is the guillotine?
A set of laws created by Napoleon that were designed to give equal rights to all citizens of France.
What was the Napoleonic Code?
Philosopher who argued for Freedom of Speech and Freedom of Religion.
Who is Voltaire?
Identify the Three Estates:
1) .5% of France. Paid little/no taxes. Made up of Clergymen/Church leaders. Owned 10% of land.
2). 1.5% of France. Paid no taxes. Made up of nobility. Owned 15% of land.
3) 98% of France. Paid nearly all taxes. Made up of low/middle class members (urban workers, farmers bourgeois). Owned 65% of land.
1) What is the First Estate?
2) What is the Second Estate?
3) What is the Third Estate?
King Louis XVI called for a meeting where representatives of each Estate came together to discuss and vote on issues destroying France.
What is the Estates General Meeting?
Estate that was surprisingly targeted and killed the most during the Reign of Terror.
What is the Third Estate?
The country Napoleon tried to invade, but ended up retreating after losing 400,000 men from hunger, exhaustion, and cold weather.
What is Russia?
Philosopher who argued that the government should be split into branches, rather than having one central power in government.
Who is Montesquieu?
Famine, war debt, Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette's spending habits, and the unfair Estate tax system were all ____________ causes of the French Revolution.
What is economic?
A revolutionary government created by the Third Estate after the meeting of the Estates General that was determined to draft a constitution for France in which all citizens were represented in government and natural rights were protected.
What is the National Assembly?
Leader during the Reign of Terror who called for the execution of thousands in an effort to reform France and keep the nation safe.
Who is Maximilien Robespierre?
Title Napoleon gave himself in 1804.
What is Emperor?
Believed that there is a social contract between the government and its people. The people give up some of their freedoms to be protected by the government. Society is good when its people have some say in government.
Who is Rousseau?
Political and religious doctrine that gave absolute monarchs like Louis XVI their power.
What is the Divine Right of Kings?
A historic pledge made by the Third Estate (as members of the newly formed National Assembly) on an indoor tennis court vowing not to disband until they formed a new constitution for France.
What is the Tennis Court Oath?
Created government/organization created during the Reign of Terror that was tasked to keep France safe and kill enemies of the state.
What is the Committee of Public Safety?
Agreement between Napoleon and the Catholic Church that reestablished Catholicism in France after its suppression during the early phases of the French Revolution.
What is the Concordat of 1801?