Geography
Early civilizations developed mainly near which geographic feature
Rivers
How did the introduction of agriculture affect early human societies?
Civilizations developed
Why was the Code of Hammurabi a major contribution to the development of early civilizations?
It recorded existing laws for all to see
What collective title describes central governments, organized religion, social classes, art/architecture, cities, public works, writing systems, and job specialization?
Elements of a Civilization
Name 2 key features of Ancient Egypt.
Any two: Nile River Valley, Hieroglyphics (writing), Pyramids (pharaoh tombs), ruled by Pharaohs.
Why were the Tigris-Euphrates, Nile, and Indus river valleys centers of early civilization?
They provided a means of transportation and irrigation
During which historical period did the domestication of animals and growing of crops first occur?
The Neolithic Revolution
In Hammurabi’s Code, a noble knocking out a noble's tooth loses a tooth, but knocking out a commoner's tooth results in a fine. What does this reveal about Babylonian society?
Divisions existed between social classes
Name two examples of public works created by early civilizations.
Roads, bridges, temples, or irrigation systems
Name 2 key features of Mesopotamia (Sumer / Babylon).
Any two: Tigris & Euphrates Rivers, Cuneiform writing, Ziggurats (temples), Code of Hammurabi.
Which major geographic feature helped isolate ancient China from other regions?
Himalaya Mountains
What was one direct result of the Neolithic Revolution on how people lived?
The establishment of villages and the rise of governments
What famous ancient Mesopotamian kingdom created the Code of Hammurabi?
Babylon
Why was job specialization (different jobs) able to develop in early civilizations?
Food surpluses allowed some people to do work other than farming
Name 2 key features of the Indus Valley Civilization (Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro).
Any two: Indus River Valley, grid-planned cities, advanced underground drainage/sewage systems, standardized weights/measures.
Why were river valleys better suited for permanent settlement than mountainous areas or deserts?
Rivers provided fertile soil for agriculture and a constant supply of water for crops and people
Before the Neolithic Revolution, how did early humans obtain their food?
Hunting animals and gathering wild plants (hunting and gathering
Did the Code of Hammurabi treat all social classes equally under the law?
No, punishments differed based on social status (nobles vs. commoners vs. slaves)
What was the primary purpose of early systems of writing like Cuneiform or Hieroglyphics?
To keep record of trade, laws, tax collections, and government activities
Name 2 key features of Ancient China.
Any two: Huang He / Yangtze rivers, isolated by Himalaya Mountains, Mandate of Heaven, silk production, oracle bones.
Name two rivers that hosted early ancient river valley civilizations.
Tigris, Euphrates, Nile, Indus, or Huang He (Yellow River)
Put these human occupations in correct order from oldest to newest: (A) farmers, (B) traders, (C) nomadic herders, (D) hunters and gatherers
D, C, A, B
Why was writing down laws down publicly important for a central government?
It established clear standards of behavior and prevented rulers from changing laws randomly
How did central governments help early river valley civilizations succeed?
They organized large-scale public works projects like building irrigation canals and maintaining law and order
What key geographic feature did Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China ALL share in common during their formation?
They were all centered around fertile river valleys