Renal Anatomy & Physiology
What is the functional unit of the kidney
What is the nephron?
What blood test measures a waste product of muscle metabolism and helps assess kidney function?
What is serum creatinine?
What term best decribes inflammation of the urinary bladder?
What is cystitis?
What measurement is especially useful for monitoring daily fluid changes in patients with renal disease?
What is daily body weight?
What class of medications increases urine production by promoting fluid and electrolyte excretion?
What are diuretics?
What hormone produced by the kidneys stimulates red blood cell production?
What is erythorpoietin?
What is the usual normal adult serum potassium range?
What is approximately 3.5-5.0 mEq/L?
What infection involves the renal pelvis and kidney tissue, often causing fever and flank pain?
What is pyelonephritis?
What dietary mineral is commonly restricted when a patient with kidney failure develops hyperkalemia?
What is potassium?
What loop diuretic is commonly used to treat fluid overload when the kidneys can still respond?
What is Lasix (Furosemide)?
What structure filters blood to begin urine formation?
What is the glomerulus?
What diagnostic test estimates kidney filtration function, often using serum creatinine?
What is estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)?
What condition involves a sudden decrease in kidney function, often with rising creatinine?
What is acute kidney injury (AKI)?
What is the minimum urine output generally expected in an adult, expressed in milliliters?
What is 30ml?
What medication class, often ending in -pril, can reduce proteinuria and slow progression of some kidney diseases?
What are ACE inhibitors?
What hormone increases water reabsorption in the kidneys?
What is antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
What urine finding suggests damage to the glomerular filtration barrier?
What is proteinuria?
What condition is characterized by heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema?
What is nephrotic syndrome?
What assessment is essential before and after hemodialysis to evaluate fluid removal?
What is the patient's weight (along with vial signs and fluid status)?
What is the process of removing waste and excess fluid from blood through a dialyzer?
What is hemodialysis?
What kidney-produced enzyme initiates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?
What is renin?
What arterial blood gas pattern is commonly seen with advanced renal failure due to impaired acid excretion?
What is metabolic acidosis (decreased pH and bicarbonate)?
What life-threatening complication of renal failure can cause peaked T waves and dangerous dysrhythmias?
What is hyperkalemia?
What is the priority nursing action when a patient with kidney failure develops severe dyspnea, crackles, and low oxygen saturation?
What is support airway and breathing, position upright, provide oxygen as indicated, and activate rapid response?
What potentially dangerous complication is suggested by cloudy peritoneal dialysis drainage and abdominal pain?
What is peritonitis?