Components of Fitness
What is the difference between muscular strength and muscular endurance?
Muscular strength is the maximum force a muscle can produce, while muscular endurance is the ability to sustain or repeat muscular contractions over time.
What are the three phases of movement?
Preparation, action, and completion (follow through)
What type of motion occurs when an athlete runs in a straight line down a track?
Linear motion, specifically rectilinear motion.
What is biomechanics?
The study of forces and their effects on human movement and the body.
Name the five health-related components of fitness.
Cardiovascular Endurance, Muscular Strength, Muscular Endurance, Flexibility and Body Composition.
Which phase occurs when a tennis player draws their racket back before hitting the ball?
Preparation Phase.
What type of motion occurs when a gymnast performs a forward somersault?
Angular Motion (rotation around an axis).
What happens to stability when an athlete widens their base of support?
Stability generally increases.
A basketball player jumps high to block a shot and then quickly changes direction to defend another player. Identify the two most relevant performance-related fitness components.
Power (for the jump) and agility (for the change of direction).
During which phase does a basketball player release the ball when shooting?
Action Phase
What is the difference between linear motion and angular motion?
Linear motion involves movement from one place to another, while angular motion involves rotation around an axis.
What typically happens when centre of gravity is outside the body?
Loss of static balance and stability.
A netball player has good cardiovascular endurance but struggles to accelerate, jump and change direction. Identify three performance-related fitness components they should develop.
Speed, Power and Agility.
What is the purpose of the follow-through phase in a tennis serve?
It allows the movement to continue naturally after contact, helping control the action and gradually decelerate the arm.
A ball travelling from an athletes hands into a hoop is an example of what type of motion?
Linear motion, specifically curvilinear motion.
Compare the fitness demands of a 100-metre sprinter and a marathon runner. Identify the most important performance-related or health-related components for each and explain why.
A sprinter needs speed, power and reaction time to accelerate and produce explosive effort. A marathon runner needs cardiovascular endurance and muscular endurance to maintain activity over a long distance.
A golfer positions their feet, grips the club and lines up the shot. Which phase is this, and why is it important?
Preparation Phase. It establishes balance, alignment and positioning before the swing.
A cyclist pedals while riding forward. Identify the type of motion of the pedals and the bicycle as a whole.
General Motion: the pedals rotate in angular motion, while the bicycle travels forward in linear motion.