Vocab
An agricultural system where laborers worked plantation land in exchange for a portion of the harvest, often trapping families in an inescapable cycle of debt.
What is sharecropping?
Under Abraham Lincoln’s plan, what percentage of voters from the 1860 election had to take a loyalty oath before a state could re-establish a legal government?
What is 10 percent?
Ratified in 1865, this Reconstruction amendment permanently abolished slavery and involuntary servitude across all U.S. states and territories.
What is the 13th Amendment?
This unwritten political deal awarded Rutherford B. Hayes the presidency in exchange for withdrawing all remaining federal troops from the South.
What is the Compromise of 1877?
What vast territory was purchased by the United States from Russia in 1867?
What is Alaska?
Northern Republican lawmakers who fought for severe punishment of former Confederates and full political/civil rights for freed African Americans.
Who are the Radical Republicans?
Which president angered Radical Republicans by pardoning over 13,000 ex-Confederates and vetoing the Civil Rights Act of 1866?
Who is Andrew Johnson?
Ratified in 1868, this amendment guaranteed birthright citizenship and equal protection under the law for all persons born in the U.S.
What is the 14th Amendment?
Founded in Tennessee in 1866, this secret terrorist organization used violence and intimidation to suppress African American civil rights and rebuild white supremacy.
What is the Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
Which former Confederate state was the FIRST to be re-admitted to the Union in 1866 and was NOT placed into a Congressional military district?
What is Tennessee?
To formally charge a public official, such as President Andrew Johnson, with misconduct in office.
What is impeach?
Under the Reconstruction Act of 1867, Congressional Radical Republicans divided ten Southern states into this many military districts governed by Union generals.
What is 5 military districts?
Ratified in 1870, this amendment prohibited federal or state governments from denying male citizens the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
What is the 15th Amendment?
This 1876 Supreme Court decision severely weakened the 14th Amendment by ruling that the federal government could not punish private individuals who committed acts of violence against African Americans.
What is U.S. v. Cruikshank?
In 1870, Hiram Revels made history when he was elected from Mississippi to serve as the nation's first Black member of this government body.
What is the U.S. Senate?
Restrictive laws passed by white Southern state governments in 1865–1866 designed to limit freedmen's freedoms and compel labor contracts.
What are the Black Codes
Passed by Congress in 1864, this bill required over 50% of 1860 voters to take a loyalty oath, but it was pocket-vetoed by President Lincoln.
What is the Wade-Davis Bill?
Established in March 1865, this federal agency provided emergency food, healthcare, and built over 4,000 schools for freed African Americans and war refugees.
What is the Freedmen's Bureau?
Name two voting restriction tactics used by Southern state governments to disenfranchise Black voters after federal troops were withdrawn.
What are poll taxes, literacy tests, or grandfather clauses?
Name two states that were newly admitted to the Union between 1863 and 1876.
What are any two of West Virginia, Nevada, Nebraska, or Colorado?
A derogatory term used in the South for a Northerner who moved South after the Civil War, or a Southern white Republican who supported Reconstruction.
What is a carpetbagger or a scalawag?
Why did President Lincoln believe the Executive branch, rather than Congress, held the primary legal authority to handle Reconstruction?
What is the Power of Presidential Pardon?
Passed in 1870–1871, these laws gave the federal government power to supervise Southern elections and authorized President Grant to use federal troops against Klan violence.
What are the Enforcement Acts?
What major economic crisis in 1873, along with political scandals in the Grant administration, caused Northern public support for Reconstruction to fade?
What is the Panic of 1873?
Who served as America's first Black governor in Louisiana from December 1872 to January 1873?
Who is Pinckney B.S. Pinchback?