Intro to Chemistry & Matter
Chemistry is the analysis of the composition of the universe, which is made up of these very small building blocks.
Atoms/ Particle
The two primary environmental factors that states of matter depend on.
Temperature and Pressure
The scientist credited with creating the early version of the Periodic Table, organizing elements by atomic mass and properties.
Dmitri Mendeleev
The subatomic particle that carries a positive charge and is located in the nucleus.
Proton
The type of scientific observation that involves numbers, measurements, or quantities.
Quantitative observation
A chemical or physical change that absorbs energy (such as solar or thermal energy) from its surroundings.
Endothermic
The specific phase change when a substance transitions directly from a solid to a gas.
Sublimation
Elements found in the same vertical column on the Periodic Table are called groups and share these
Similar Properties
This unique number tells you the exact count of protons in an atom's nucleus and identifies the element.
Atomic number
In an experimental design, this is the variable that the scientist intentionally changes or manipulates.
Independent variable
The mathematical formula used to calculate density using mass and volume.
Density = Mass / Volume (D = m/v)
During a physical phase change of a substance, this property stays completely constant while only the volume changes
Mass- Law of Conservation of Mass
This category of elements sits along the zigzag line and displays properties of both metals and nonmetals.
Semimetals (or metalloids)
The region of the atom where electrons are predominantly found
Outside the nucleus (the electron cloud / energy levels)
An "if...then" statement created based on a testable question
Hypothesis
The key distinction between mass and weight: mass measures the amount of matter, while weight measures the effect of this force on an object.
Gravity
The phase change that occurs when a gas cools and turns into a liquid.
Condensation
The extremely reactive group of metals located in Group 1 of the Periodic Table.
Alkali Metals
Based on its position on the Periodic Table, this is the predicted ionic charge of elements in the Halogen group (Group 17)
-1
The type of graph best suited for showing changes or trends over time.
Line Graph
If an object has a higher density than the liquid(Water=1g/ml) it is placed in, it will exhibit this behavior.
Sink(Buyouncy)
During a phase change, thermal energy is either added or removed, but this measurable property of the substance remains constant until the phase change is complete.
Temperature.
The highly unreactive, stable group of nonmetals located in Group 18.
Noble gases
A pure substance composed of two or more different elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio.
Compound
These are the three main types of variables that must be identified and managed in an experiment.
Independent, Dependent, and Controlled (constant) variables