Theropods & Evolution
This evolutionary trait appeared in theropod dinosaurs before the evolution of modern birds.
Hollow bones and furcula (wishbone)
In a standard Mendelian cross between two heterozygous parents (Ss x Ss), this percentage of offspring will show the recessive wrinkled phenotype.
25% (ss)
Codominance is best described as this genetic scenario.
Both alleles are expressed fully and simultaneously in the phenotype
State the expected genotypic ratio when crossing a pink flower (CR CW) with a red flower (CR CR).
1CR CR : 1 CR CW (or 50% CR CR : 50% CR CW)
In a hospital mix-up involving a baby with Type O blood (ii), can Family 1 (Mother: IA IB, Father: ii) be the biological parents?
No
Based on fossil evidence, this organism represents an intermediate transitional fossil between non-avian theropod dinosaurs and modern birds.
Archaeopteryx
A female dog with heterozygous grey fur (Ff) mates with a male dog with homozygous recessive black fur (ff). This is the expected phenotypic ratio.
1 Grey : 1 Black (50% Grey, 50% Black)
A red cow (R'R') is mated with a white cow (R''R'') to produce roan offspring. This is what the coat of a roan cow looks like.
Individual red hairs and white hairs distinctly expressed together
State the expected phenotypic percentages from a cross between a pink flower (CR CW) and a red flower (CR CR)
50% Red, 50% Pink, 0% White
In the same hospital mix-up, can Family 2 (Mother: IA i, Father: IB i) be the biological parents?
Yes
Anatomical features of Spinosaurus, such as high nostrils, dense bones, and cone-shaped teeth, suggest it was adapted for this lifestyle.
Semi-aquatic hunting in river environments
Two parents with brown eyes have a child with blue eyes. Given brown (B) is dominant to blue (b), these are the genotypes of both parents
Both parents are heterozygous (Bb)
An individual with Type AB blood demonstrates this pattern of inheritance.
Codominance
In cats with codominant coat color, state the phenotype of the kittens from a cross between a black cat (CB CB) and a white cat (CW CW)
100% Black and White patched/spotted cats
State the possible genotypes and blood types for children of Family 1 (Mother IA IB x Father ii
IA i and IB i (50% Type A, 50% Type B)
This statement best defines a biological species
Organisms that share similar traits and can interbreed to produce fertile offspring
In incomplete dominance, crossing a homozygous red-flowered snapdragon with a homozygous white-flowered snapdragon results in this phenotype.
100% Pink (blended phenotype)
A mother who is homozygous for Type A blood (IA IA) has a child with a father who has Type O blood (ii). This is the blood type of all their children.
Type A (heterozygous, IA i)
If two heterozygous patched cats (CB CW) are crossed, state the possible genotypes in the next generation
CB CB, CB CW, and CW CW
State the possible genotypes and blood types for children of Family 2 (Mother IA i x Father IB i)
IA IB (Type AB), IA i (Type A), IB i (Type B), and ii (Type O)
Warning coloration (bright contrasting patterns) impacts beetle survival in this way
Signals to predators that the insect may be toxic or foul-tasting, reducing predation
If two pink four o'clock flowers (CR CW) are crossed, this is the expected phenotypic ratio of their offspring
1 Red : 2 Pink : 1 White
A man with heterozygous
Type A blood (IA i) and a woman with heterozygous Type B blood (IB i) have a child. Are any blood types impossible for their offspring?
None—all four blood types (A, B, AB, and O) are possible
What is the difference between codominant and incomplete dominance
codominant- both traits shown
incomplete- blend of traits
Explain why it is genetically impossible for Family 1 to be the biological parents of a Type O child
A Type O child requires two recessive i alleles (one from each parent). Since the Mother has Type AB blood (IA IB), she can only pass on an IA or IB allele, making it impossible to produce an ii offspring.