Respiration Basics
What is the major purpose of cellular respiration?
Making usable energy in the form of ATP from food (glucose)
Aerobic respiration only occurs in the presence of __________.
Oxygen
Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of ________.
Oxygen
In what kind of organisms does photosynthesis occur?
Plants
What is glucose?
Sugar!
What is ATP?
Adenosine triphosphate, the energy currency of the cell
Why is the mitochondria called the powerhouse of the cell?
It is the site of aerobic respiration where ATP is made
What produces more ATP: Aerobic respiration, or anaerobic?
Aerobic
They are exactly opposite processes.
What is the role of enzymes in cell respiration?
They facilitate all the chemical reactions
What is the relationship between cell respiration and the action of the respiratory system in multicellular organisms?
The lungs (respiratory system) are used to bring in oxygen gas and release carbon dioxide gas to assist the mitochondria of all the tissues with accomplishing cellular respiration.
Write the complete formula for aerobic respiration.
There are three kinds of anaerobic respiration. What are they?
Lactic acid, Ethanol, and Acetic Acid
Where does the material that builds a tree's body come from?
The atmosphere as CO2
In general, how are enzymes named?
They end with the suffix -ase, like ATP synthase, hexokinase, or lactic acid dehydrogenase
Name an organ or system that requires a lot of ATP production.
Muscles, brain, digestive system, heart
Aerobic respiration has three phases. What are they?
1) Glycolysis
2) The Citric Acid Cycle
3) The Electron Transport Chain
In what kinds of organisms does lactic acid tend to occur?
Animals, like in muscle tissue
Why can bromothymol blue be used as a test for CO2 production?
CO2 is acidic, so it changes the color of the indicator from blue to yellow
What would happen to the organism if one enzyme in this cascade stopped functioning?
The cascade would stop functioning, rendering the organism unable to process energy
Where does glycolysis happen?
The cytoplasm
What is meant by the ‘inner membrane space’ in reference to the mitochondria?
The space in between the two membranes where H+ ions accumulate, prior to powering ATP synthase to make ATP
In what kinds of organisms does acetic acid and ethanol fermentation processes occur?
Microorganisms, like bacteria
What might happen to the animals of earth if the plants dissapeared?
They would likely run out of oxygen quickly, and food, as none would be produced via photosynthesis.
How does the concept of enzyme specificity show up in this topic?
Enzymes can only interact with specific substrates. For example, Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex irreversibly converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA and CO₂ (with NADH generation), linking glycolysis to the citric acid cycle