Crime Scene Basics
What does toxicology specifically investigate?
Presence of drugs and poisons in body fluids
What does GSR stand for in ballistics?
Gun Shot Residue
What three elements are required to create and sustain a fire?
Heat, oxygen, and fuel
What makes up the backbone of the DNA molecule?
Sugar and phosphate
What percentage of body weight does blood typically represent in an average adult?
7-8%
Which type of evidence includes oral or written statements by eyewitnesses?
Testimonial Evidence
What does AFIS represent in fingerprint analysis?
Automated Fingerprint Identification system
What is the term for the lowest temperature at which a substance releases flammable vapors?
Flash point
What nitrogen base always pairs with Adenine in DNA?
Thymine
Which blood component is responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body?
Red blood cells
What does ballistics specifically study?
Bullet and ammunition comparisons
What are the three main types of fingerprints?
Arch, loop, and whorl
What type of pattern indicates a very hot, fast-burning fire?
Narrow V-shape
What determines the genetic code in DNA?
The order of the nitrogen bases
Where are red blood cells produced?
In the bone marrow
What does trace chemistry focus on identifying and comparing?
Materials from fires and explosions
Who first recognized the value of trace forensic evidence in 1910?
Edmund Locard
What does a fire investigator look for when examining light bulbs at a fire scene?
Direction of melt
What does CODIS stand for?
Combined DNA Index System
What protein in red blood cells enables oxygen transportation?
Hemoglobin
What is the primary role of the first officers arriving at a crime scence?
Secure the scene and detain persons of interest
What does Locard's Exchange Principle fundamentally suggest?
When two items contact each other, evidence is exchanged
What minimum percentage of oxygen is required for fire to occur?
16%
How many DNA base pairs does each human cell contain?
3 billion
What blood type is the universal donor?
Type O