CARBOHYDRATES
Which simple sugar is an important fuel for many cells?
Glucose
Which macromolecule forms much of the cell membrane?
phospholipids.
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids.
What are the two main types of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA.
Which macromolecule stores the instructions for making proteins?
DNA, a nucleic acid
What are the building blocks of carbohydrates called?
Simple Sugar
Monosaccharides
Name two functions of lipids in the whole body.
Long-term energy storage, insulation, cushioning/protecting organs, or helping absorb vitamins A, D, E, and K.
What type of protein speeds up chemical reactions?
An enzyme.
What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?
Nucleotides.
Which cell structure reads mRNA and joins amino acids to build a protein?
A ribosome
What happens to glucose during cellular respiration?
It is broken down and its energy is transferred into ATP.
What are two common components of many fats and oils?
Glycerol and fatty acids
Which protein in red blood cells carries oxygen?
Hemoglobin.
Where is most DNA found in a typical human cell?
In the nucleus
Describe how DNA, RNA, and proteins work together.
DNA stores instructions; RNA carries/helps use the message; ribosomes join amino acids to make proteins
Which organ system breaks many carbohydrates into simple sugars that can be absorbed?
The digestive system.
How do lipids help the nervous system?
Lipids are important components of myelin, which insulates many nerve fibers.
Name the two proteins that interact to help muscles contract
Actin and myosin
What is the role of RNA in making proteins?
RNA helps copy, carry, and use DNA's instructions at ribosomes to make proteins.
What molecule provides usable energy for many cell activities?
ATP
Explain how carbohydrates support both the nervous and muscular systems.
Glucose is an important fuel for the brain and nerve cells; glucose and stored glycogen help muscles make ATP for contraction.
How do lipids and proteins work together in the cell membrane?
Phospholipids form the bilayer, while membrane proteins help move substances across it and receive signals.
Explain two ways proteins help different organ systems function.
Examples: enzymes digest food in the digestive system; hemoglobin carries oxygen in the circulatory system; antibodies help defend the body; actin and myosin allow muscle contraction.
Why do all organ systems depend on nucleic acids?
Cells in every organ system use DNA instructions to make proteins needed for specialized cell and organ functions.
A cell needs energy, a boundary, working molecules, and instructions. Name the macromolecule group most closely connected to each job
Energy: carbohydrates (and lipids can also fuel cells); boundary: lipids; working molecules: proteins; instructions: nucleic acids.