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Cell theory was first proposed in 1838. Evidence obtained through additional scientific investigations resulted in the current cell theory. Which statement describes a component of the original cell theory that was removed because of the new scientific knowledge?
A. All living things are made of cells.
B. All cells come from other preexisting cells.
C. Cells form through spontaneous generation.
D. Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.
C. Cells form through spontaneous generation.
Which characteristic do most plants have in common?
A. they are unicellular
B. they are prokaryotic
C. they produce seeds
D. they are autotrophic
D. they are autotrophic
Almost all plants produce their own food using photosynthesis.
Which statement is a principle of the scientific theory of cells?
A. Cells appear spontaneously when needed
B. All organisms contain identical cells
C. All cells come from preexisting cells
D. Cells can exist without chemical reactions
C. All cells come from preexisting cells
Which pair of structures is found only in plant cells and not animal cells?
A. Mitochondria and ribosomes
B. Cell membrane and nucleus
C. Chloroplasts and cell wall
D. Vacuole and mitochondria
C. Chloroplasts and cell wall
A bacterial cell uses a flagellum to move toward a nutrient source.
Which cell type and structure are correctly matched?
A. Eukaryotic cell — cilia
B. Eukaryotic cell — flagellum
C. Prokaryotic cell — flagellum
D. Prokaryotic cell — chloroplast
C. Prokaryotic cell — flagellum
Which invention from the 17th century allowed for the development of modern cell theory?
A. X-rays
B. computers
C. the light microscope
D. the scanning electron microscope
C. the light microscope
The light microscope allowed scientists to view actual cells for the first time.
Which cell structure is correctly paired with its primary function?
A. ribosome - protein synthesis
B. mitochondrion - movement
C. vacuole - cell division
D. nucleus - storage of nutrients
A. ribosome - protein synthesis
Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis. Ribosomes are found both on the rough Endoplasmic reticulum and in the cytoplasm.
Which discovery provided the strongest evidence that plants are made of cells?
A. Observation of cork using a microscope
B. Observation of plant tissues under low magnification
C. Experiments disproving spontaneous generation
D. Comparison of plant and animal embryos
B. Observation of plant tissues under low magnification
A cell contains membrane‑bound organelles, chromatin, and a nucleolus.
This information best supports the conclusion that the cell is —
A. Prokaryotic because DNA is present
B. Prokaryotic because ribosomes are present
C. Eukaryotic because a nucleus is present
D. Eukaryotic because plasmids are present
C. Eukaryotic because a nucleus is present
A cell with plasmids and ribosomes but no nucleus would be classified as —
A. A plant cell
B. An animal cell
C. A prokaryotic cell
D. A eukaryotic cell
C. A prokaryotic cell
There are some similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
A. lysosome
B. mitochondrion
C. nucleus
D. ribosome
D. ribosome
Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles. They do contain ribosomes, which are the site of protein synthesis.
A person with swollen gums rinses his mouth with warm salt water, and the swelling decreases. Which of the following has occurred?
A. The swollen gums have absorbed the saltwater solution.
B. The saltwater solution lowers the temperature of the water in the gums.
C. The salt in the solution has moved against the concentration gradient.
D. The water in the gums has moved out due to the high concentration of salt in the solution.
D. The water in the gums has moved out due to the high concentration of salt in the solution.
The salt water solution is hypertonic to the cells of the gums. It contains a higher concentration of solute (salt) and a lower concentration of water. Water from inside the cells of the gums moves down the concentration gradient and out of the cells.
A student claims that cells form directly from nonliving material. Which scientist’s work directly contradicts this claim?
A. Robert Hooke
B. Matthias Schleiden
C. Theodor Schwann
D. Rudolf Virchow
D. Rudolf Virchow
A student compares two cells.
Cell A performs photosynthesis.
Cell B contains lysosomes but does not perform photosynthesis.
Which conclusion is BEST supported by this information?
A. Cell A is an animal cell, and Cell B is a plant cell
B. Cell A is a plant cell, and Cell B is an animal cell
C. Both cells are prokaryotic
D. Both cells are plant cells
B. Cell A is a plant cell, and Cell B is an animal cell
A eukaryotic cell that contains lysosomes and centrioles is most likely —
A. A plant cell
B. A bacterial cell
C. An animal cell
D. An archaeal cell
C. An animal cell
Cells need to bring in molecules to carry out cellular processes. Often, this requires moving the molecules across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient. How do these molecules get into the cell?
A. passive transport by diffusion
B. active transport using ATP
C. passive transport by osmosis
D. phagocytosis
B. active transport using ATP
Active transport requires ATP and is used when solutes need to move against a concentration gradient.
The cell membrane of the red blood cell will allow water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide to pass through. Because other substances are blocked from entering, this membrane is called
A. perforated
B. semi-permeable
C. non-conductive
D. permeable
B. semi-permeable
A semi-permeable membrane allows some, but not all, molecules and ions to pass through.
A student observes a cell that contains ribosomes, cytoplasm, and a cell membrane but does not contain a nucleus.
Which type of cell is being observed?
A. Plant cell
B. Animal cell
C. Prokaryotic cell
D. Eukaryotic cell
C. Prokaryotic cell
Which statement correctly compares prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
A. Both contain membrane‑bound organelles
B. Only eukaryotic cells contain ribosomes
C. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus
D. Prokaryotic cells are larger than eukaryotic cells
C. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus
This structure stores water, nutrients, and waste and is especially large in plant cells.
A. Lysosome
B. Vesicle
C. Vacuole
D. Golgi apparatus
C. Vacuole
Which type(s) of cells have genetic material that is contained in a nucleus?
A. bacteria
B. only animal cells
C. protists
D. both plant and animal cells
D. both plant and animal cells
Both plant and animal cells are eukaryotic. Eukaryotic cells have DNA (genetic material) contained in a membrane-bound nucleus.
A student observes a unicellular organism under a microscope. Which conclusion is supported by cell theory?
A. Only plants and animals are made of cells
B. The organism must contain tissues and organs
C. Cells are the basic unit of life
D. All cells contain a nucleus
Answer
C. Cells are the basic unit of life
Which structure is found in both plant and animal cells but is absent in prokaryotic cells?
A. Cell wall
B. Nucleus
C. Ribosomes
D. Flagellum
B. Nucleus
The primary function of the cell membrane in all cells is to —
A. Store genetic information
B. Produce proteins
C. Control the movement of substances into and out of the cell
D. Provide rigid support
C. Control the movement of substances into and out of the cell
Which statement BEST compares prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
A. Both contain nuclei
B. Only prokaryotes have ribosomes
C. Only eukaryotes have membrane‑bound organelles
D. Prokaryotes are always multicellular
C. Only eukaryotes have membrane‑bound organelles