Missouri Compromise
What problem did Missouri’s request to join the Union create for Congress?
The balance between free states and slave states would be upset.
What economic policy caused anger in Southern states and led to the Nullification Crisis?
High tariffs on imported goods.
What issue forced Congress to address slavery again in 1850?
Whether slavery would be allowed in the new territories gained through the Mexican Cession.
Why did Congress pass the Kansas–Nebraska Act?
To organize the new territories of Kansas and Nebraska and to decide the issue of slavery there.
Why did Dred Scott sue for his freedom?
Because he had lived in free states and territories.
What was the main issue debated during the Election of 1860?
The expansion of slavery into new territories.
What two states were admitted to the Union as part of the Missouri Compromise?
Missouri and Maine.
What action did South Carolina claim it had the right to take against federal laws?
To nullify, or ignore, federal laws.
What state entered the Union as a free state under the Compromise of 1850?
California.
How did the Kansas–Nebraska Act change the Missouri Compromise?
It repealed the 36°30′ line.
What did the Supreme Court rule about African Americans in Dred Scott v. Sanford?
They were not citizens and could not sue.
What did the election show Southern states about their political power?
They were losing power at the national level.
What rule did Congress create to decide where slavery would be allowed in new territories?
The 36°30′ line. Slavery was permitted below the line but banned above the line.
What did the Nullification Crisis show President Andrew Jackson was willing to do to keep the Union together?
Use force to enforce federal law.
What law strengthened the capture and return of escaped enslaved people?
The Fugitive Slave Act.
How did the Kansas–Nebraska Act expand on the Compromise of 1850?
It used popular sovereignty to decide slavery everywhere.
How did the decision affect Congress’s power over slavery?
Congress could not ban slavery in the territories, greatly limiting its power to control slavery.
Why did Abraham Lincoln’s victory alarm Southern leaders?
He won without support from Southern states.
Why did Congress believe the 36°30′ line would reduce conflict over slavery?
Because it clearly divided where slavery would and would not be allowed.
How did Congress resolve the conflict during the Nullification Crisis?
By passing a compromise tariff that lowered tariffs.
What idea did the Compromise of 1850 use to decide slavery in Utah and New Mexico?
Popular sovereignty.
What was the result of applying popular sovereignty in Kansas?
Violence broke out, known as Bleeding Kansas.
How did the decision affect the expansion of slavery?
It allowed slavery to spread into the territories and suggested it could spread into areas that had banned it.
What did Southern states decide to do after the Election of 1860?
They chose to secede from the Union.