The Bare Minimum
The minimum source to skin distance allowed on a mobile fluoroscopy unit
What is 12 inches (30 centimeters)?
To achieve a uniform receptor exposure for an AP thoracic spine, the patient should be positioned so this end of the X-ray tube is over the thoracolumbar region
What is the cathode side?
In a grid, this refers to the comparison between the height of the lead strips to the distance between
What is the grid ratio?
This movement is a result of conelike sequential actions of flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction, occurring in ellipsoid and saddle joints
What is circumduction?
The annual effective dose limit that an occupationally exposed worker can receive in SI units is:
What is 50 mSv?
The source of scatter production
What is the patient?
AKA the anterior surface of the scapula
What is the costal surface?
The physical distance between pixels, generally measured from center to center
What is Pixel Pitch?
This is the minimum lead equivalency thickness for the Bucky slot shielding device on a fluoroscopic unit
What is 0.25 mm Pb/eq?
When performing anterior cervical obliques (RAO/LAO), the central ray must be angled this many degrees and in this direction to pass through C4
What is 15° to 20° caudad?
This term describes the number of grid lines per inch or centimeter
What is Grid Frequency?
These synovial joints, such as the interphalangeal joints and the elbow, are molded to permit flexion and extension movements only.
Question: What are ginglymi (hinge) joints?
The annual occupational dose limit for the lens of the eye in SI units is:
What is 150 mSv?
This interaction involves the excitation of the atom rather than the removal of an orbital electron
What is coherent/classical/Thompson scattering?
The expanded distal end of the spine that extends superiorly and posteriorly to the glenoid fossa if looking at the scapula in a lateral view
What is the acromion?
The formula to determine pixel size
What is FOV/matrix size (= Pixel Size)?
The required height for primary protective barriers in walls
What is 7 feet (2.1 m)?
When performing a Lateral L5–S1 projection without sufficient waist support, the central ray must be angled 5° to 8° caudad to be parallel to this imaginary line
What is the interiliac line?
The most common grid interspace material in diagnostic radiography
What is Aluminum?
This unique type of fibrous joint occurs not between two bones, but between the roots of the teeth and the alveolar sockets of the jaw.
What is a gomphosis?
The dose limit for the entire gestation period of the embryo/fetus in SI units is:
What is 5 mSv?
Type of scatter that contributes the most to occupational exposure
What is Compton scatter?
Name the 3 borders and the 3 angles of the scapula
What is the medial(vertebral), lateral(axillary), and superior borders and the superior, lateral and inferior angles?
Determines the number of visible gray shades of the imaging system
What is the bit-depth?
This is the minimum amount of total filtration for an x-ray tube operating between 70 and 120 kVp
What is 2.5 mm Aluminum equivalent filtration?
DOUBLE JEOPARDY
For the Fuchs Method, the patient's chin is elevated to bring this positioning line near perpendicular to the tabletop to visualize the dens within the foramen magnum
If no exposure factors are changed, but the grid ratio is increased, this will happen to the IR exposure
What is IR exposure will decrease?
In spheroidal joints, this specific physical trait determines the balance between strength and mobility; the greater it is, the more limited the movement.
What is the depth of the socket?
The formula to obtain the cumulative effective absorbed dose equivalent limit given any age
What is 10 mSv x age (years)?
Term that describes the electron that is ejected from an atom during a Compton interaction
What is a recoil electron/Compton electron/scattered electron?
Located on the superior border and partially formed by the base of the coracoid process
What is the suprascapular notch?
In digital imaging, this is how a large pixel size effects spatial resolution
What is spatial resolution decreases?
The minimum lead equivalency thickness of thyroid shields used in fluoroscopy
What is 0.5 mm Pb/eq?
In an AP Axial L5–S1 projection, the central ray is angled cephalad, with this specific difference between male and female patients
What is 30° for males and 35° for females?
This type of change in the radiographic image would be produced by using a focused grid upside down
What is peripheral grid cut-off (light image on the edges, dark image at center)?
This specific part of the synovial joint is thought to be responsible for secreting the lubricating synovial fluid into the joint cavity
What is the inner surface of the fibrous capsule?
The annual effective dose limit that non-occupationally exposed individuals can receive in SI units is
What is 1 mSv?
While they improve contrast by absorbing scattered photons, grids inadvertently cause this undesirable effect
What is increase patient dose?
Separated by the crest of the scapular spine on the posterior aspect (2 part answer)
What are the supraspinous and infraspinous fossae?
If a large number of pixels in a digital image are at the maximum digital value due to over-exposure by 4-5 times, the image receptor is said to have been:
What is saturated?