JURIES
If a juror is excluded because it is believed that this juror has the inability to be fair, this exclusion is known as
What is challenge for cause?
Individuals obey laws such as not speeding and driving recklessly during a thunderstorm for which reason?
Self-interest
This theme of CRT speaks of disadvantages of minorities all combined together (race, class and gender)
What is intersectionality?
This is arguably the biggest cause of mass incarceration.
What are mandatory minimum sentences for drug offenders?
Overall, ___% of death row inmates are African American, while African Americans make up ______% of the general population.
What is 42% and 13%?
While __________ are more reliable, juries put more stock into testimony that relies on _________ accounts.
expert witnesses, eyewitness
If the goal of punishment is to remove individuals from society in the interest of public safety, this aligns with which function of punishment?
Incapacitation
Critical Race Theory is an intellectual movement that analyzes how the law does TWO things. Name one of them.
1.Maintains the dominance and privileges of white society 2.Perpetuates the subordinate status of African Americans
The Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 provided a two tier system of punishment for cocaine, and most notably created what ratio of punishment for powder : crack cocaine?
100:1, powder : crack
This case held that the use of outdated medical standards regarding intellectual disability (i.e. the Lenny standard) to determine exemption from execution does violate the Eighth Amendment.
What is Moore v. Texas (2017)?
A juror in a case knows there is ample evidence of the defendant’s guilt. However, this juror believes that the system is imposing harsh sentences for that specific crime and does not want to participate in it. He tells other jurors they should vote the defendant not guilty. This juror is engaging in
What is nullification
Individuals obey laws such as not streaking across a football field at halftime partially to avoid embarrassment and criticism. This relates to which reason why people obey laws?
Social Influence
Racial profiling, including excessive and widespread stop-and-frisk policies and procedures, arguably violates citizens' protections under which constitutional amendment?
The Fourth Amendment prohibition against unreasonable search and seizure
The Fair Sentencing Act reduced the powder : crack cocaine ration to what?
18:1, powder : crack
This case involved a defendant with a history of schizophrenia who, while representing himself in trial, attempted to call Jesus and JFK as witnesses while dressed in a purple cowboy suit. The case ultimately affirmed Ford v. Wainwright.
What is Panetti v. Quarterman (2007)?
The Chicago Jury Project’s survey of 555 judges about 3,576 cases found that judges agreed with the jury verdict _____% of the time?
What is 78%
These are the three CORE requirements for deterrence to be effective:
1)Speed (Swiftness) 2)Certainty 3)Severity
_______________ originally proposed stand your ground laws because the law had tipped too far in favor of ________, and failed to protect ___________.
The NRA, criminals, victims
During the late 80s-mid 90s, the US budget to combat drugs rose from $6 billion to $20 billion. How is this money allocated across law enforcement/prisons and treatment?
2/3 on enforcement/prisons, and 1/3 on treatment
This case held that “mentally retarded” (now developmentally/intellectually disabled) individuals may not be sentenced to death.
What is Atkins v. Virginia (2002)?
In this 1970s case, the US Supreme Court held that the Constitution permits state criminal juries to decide cases by a 10-2 or 9-3 margin in noncapital cases.
Apodaca v. Oregon (1972)
With the decision in Brown v. Plata (2011), the US Supreme Court ordered California to decrease its prison population. We discussed four ways to do this ~ name two.
1.Reduce sentences
2.Change the state’s parole system
3.Allow good behavior credits to count toward early release
4.Send nonviolent felons to county level
Using a Critical Race Theory framework, why does Derek Bell believe the Brown v. Board (1954) decision occurred when it did?
End of WW II and Korean War, many African American soldiers returning from a culture of cooperation and equality to a culture of discrimination, and Brown was a way to appease the masses and thwart the possibility of civil unrest.
According to Lippman, the U.S. has _____% of the world's population and ____% of the world's prison population.
What is 5% and 25%?
Garland (2010) provided five frames, or lenses, through which society continues to legitimize capital punishment. Name three of them.
1. Rules
2. Crime
3. Retribution
4. Healing
5. Democracy