Signs & Symptoms
Tingling around the mouth & metallic taste are early signs of what?
What is Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity
Which patient population is at a higher risk due to decreased protein binding?
Who are neonates or elderly patients?
What is the first step in managing LAST?
What is stop the anesthetic?
Which local anesthetic is most associated with severe cardiotoxicity?
What is Bupivacaine?
What technique reduces intravascular injection risk?
What is aspiration before injection?
What is the most common initial CNS symptom of LAST?
What is agitation or confusion
Name 1 comorbidity that increases last risk?
What is hepatic dysfunction?
Which medication should be avoided during LAST seizures?
What is propofol?
Which property of of local anesthetics determines CNS toxicity risk?
What is lipid solubility?
What is the recommended incremental dosing strategy?
What is small amounts 1-5ml with a pause?
Name 2 cardiovascular signs that occur in severe LAST?
What are hypotension and arrhythmias?
Which technique increases risk: Single shot or continuous infusion?
What is continuous infusion.
What is the recommended initial bolus dose of lipid emulsion therapy?
What is 1.5mg/kg of 20% lipid emulsion?
Which protein primarily binds local anesthetics in plasma?
What is alpha-1 acid glycoprotein?
Which monitoring tool should be used during high risk blocks?
What is ECG and pulse oximetry?
Seizures in LAST typically occur before what major event?
What is cardiovascular collapse?
High plasma levels of local anesthetic are more likely with injections in which vascular area?
What is intercostal space.
After the bolus, what is the infusion rate for lipid therapy?
What is 0.25ml/kg/min?
Which local anesthetic has the fastest onset and highest CNS toxicity risk?
What is lidocaine?
What additive can reduce systemic absorption of local anesthetics?
What is epinephrine?
Which symptom usually indicates progression from CNS to cardiovascular toxicity?
What is bradycardia or cardiac arrest?
Which factor related to drug choice increases LAST risk?
What is using bupivacaine?
What is the max total dose of lipid emulsion recommended?
What is 10ml/kg over 30 mins.
Which metabolic pathway clears local anesthetics?
What is the hepatic metabolism?
What is the maximum recommended dose of lidocaine without epi?
What is 4.5mg/kg?