Intro to Psych and Addiction
This approach in Psychology believes that all behaviour has a physical cause, can be inherited through genetics, and that we are born with our behaviour.
Biological
Because participants were told Milgram's study was about "Memory and Learning," they were unable to give this.
Informed consent
In an experiment, this is the variable that the researcher deliberately changes or manipulates to test its effect.
Independent variable
The bystander effect is primarily driven by this phenomenon, where an individual feels less personal responsibility to act because they assume others in the group will step in.
Diffusion of responsibility
This cult leader ordered the mass suicide-murder of over 900 followers at his Peoples Temple compound in Guyana in 1978, coining the phrase "drinking the Kool-Aid."
Jim Jones
Which perspective in psychology focuses on how we learn through rewards and punishments?
Behavioural
Milgram used four standardised verbal commands (e.g., "You have no other choice, you must go on") which directly interfered with this ethical right.
Right to withdraw
According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, the short-term memory store has a duration of roughly 18–30 seconds and a capacity of how many items?
7 (+/-)
The bystander effect was famously studied by Darley and Latané following the 1964 murder of this New York woman, where dozens of neighbors allegedly witnessed the attack but failed to intervene.
Kitty Genovese
Located on the West Coast of New Zealand's South Island, this infamous isolated Christian cult has faced severe legal scrutiny for forced labor, psychological control, and child exploitation.
Gloriavale
Inside these contraptions, a famous psychologist taught rats to press a lever in the box which released food pellets (positive reinforcement).
Skinner Box
This psychologist is responsible for the 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment.
Zimbardo
Clues or cues in an experimental setup that reveal the study's purpose to participants, causing them to alter their behavior, are called this.
Demand characteristics
Solomon Asch demonstrated that individuals would give an obviously incorrect answer to match the majority due to this type of social influence.
Conformity
Known as the "Killer Clown" for his charitable work dressed as "Pogo the Clown," this serial killer buried the majority of his 33 young victims beneath the crawl space of his Chicago home.
John Wayne Gacy
The COVID lockdowns are an example of this system of influence according to the sociocultural approach.
Chronosystem
In the Stanford Prison Experiment, uniform clothing and reflective sunglasses caused guards to lose their individual self-awareness, a phenomenon called this.
Deindividuation
The Stroop Effect demonstrates this by showing it takes significantly longer to name the ink colour of a word when it conflicts with the word's written meaning.
Cognitive interference
When bystanders look to the calm reactions of others in an ambiguous emergency and mistakenly conclude that no help is needed, they are experiencing this psychological phenomenon.
Pluralistic ignorance
The case took a major turn when police obtained audiotapes of Erik Menéndez confessing to the murders during sessions with this person, violating doctor-patient confidentiality rules.
OR
Name Lyle and Erik's lawyer.
His therapist - Dr. Jerome Oziel
Leslie Abramson
Name three regions of the brain involved in the dopamine reward pathway.
Frontal cortex/ prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, VTA, substantia nigra, striatum, amygdala, nucleus accumbens
This state occurs when an individual shifts responsibility onto an authority figure, viewing themselves merely as an agent carrying out orders.
Agentic state
To prevent experimenter bias and participant expectations from ruining results, researchers use this experimental design where neither party knows who is in the control group.
Double-blind experiment
Piliavin's model explains why bystanders were actually more likely to help a collapsed victim on a New York subway than in laboratory settings. Name the model and its three stages.
Cost-benefit model / calculus model.
Arousal, Labelling, Evaluation
Charles Manson manipulated his "Family" into committing the 1969 Tate-LaBianca murders in an attempt to trigger a race war, a apocalyptic ideology he famously named after this Beatles song.
Helter Skelter