Liver & GI
Yellowing of the skin and eyes due to bilirubin buildup is called this.
Jaundice
This condition involves bacteria entering the urethra and causing burning with urination.
Urinary tract infection**
This condition involves enlargement of the prostate that can obstruct urine flow.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)**
This term refers to indirect protection when enough people are immune in a population.
Herd immunity
This endocrine condition results from too little thyroid hormone and causes fatigue and weight gain.
Hypothyroidism**
Elevated levels of these enzymes are often the earliest indicator of liver cell damage.
AST and ALT
These are painful mineral deposits that can obstruct urine flow.
Kidney stones
This routine screening test helps detect cervical cell changes early and is recommended regularly for people with a cervix.
Pap smear**
These infections occur when a person’s immune system is weakened, allowing normally harmless organisms to cause disease.
Opportunistic infections**
These early life stressors increase risk for chronic disease and mental illness.
ACEs (Adverse Childhood Experiences)
This condition occurs when stomach acid repeatedly flows back into the esophagus.
GERD
A patient with CKD develops confusion, swelling, and abnormal labs—this indicates the need for this intervention.
Dialysis**
This common hormonal disorder in women can cause irregular periods, elevated androgens, and ovarian cysts.
PCOS
This virus remains dormant in nerve cells and reappears randomly, but can be spread even when dormant.
Herpes simplex virus
This type of symptom in schizophrenia includes hallucinations and delusions.
Positive symptoms
This type of hepatitis is spread through contaminated food and water.
Hepatitis A**
This condition is the long-term progressive loss of kidney function, often due to diabetes or hypertension.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
This condition involves tissue similar to the uterine lining growing outside the uterus.
Endometriosis
This antibiotic-resistant condition is associated with hospital stays and spreads through direct contact.
MRSA
Transportation barriers, unstable housing, and lack of insurance are examples of social determinants that raise the risk of this serious pregnancy-related outcome.
Maternal mortality
This GI disorder costs the U.S. over $30 billion annually and is more common in women.
IBS**
This condition occurs when the kidneys lose the ability to sufficiently filter waste products, toxins, and excess fluid from the blood.
Kidney failure
This is a benefit of breast feeding that can help keep a baby healthy as they grow
Shared immunity
This disease requires about 95% vaccination coverage to maintain herd immunity due to its high contagiousness.
Measles**
This framework explains how factors like income, education, and access to care shape disease risk.
Social determinants of health (SDOH)**