Mod 5
The process that produces genetically identical daughter cells.
Mitosis
Artificial pollination is an example of what type of technology?
Reproductive technology
This type of pathogen can only reproduce inside a host cell.
Virus
What is the function of negative feedback in homeostasis?
Maintains internal balance by reversing changes away from the set point.
The group used as a comparison in an experiment.
Control group
Pedigree - a trait that skips generations, affects males and females equally, and requires two copies of the mutated gene to be expressed
Autosomal recessive inheritance.
Draw the anatomy of a flower? Must include Ovary, Anther, Stigma and Style
Label - Ovary, Anther, Stigma and Style
3 Ways to prevent the spread of an infectious disease?
Wash hands, SOCIAL Distance, where PPE, Consume clean drinking water, basic food hygiene, correct disposal of waste/sewage.
List 3 Factors that impact Non-Infectious disease?
Environmental factors - pollution, UV rays
Lifestyle - lack of exercise, smoke/vaping
Nutrition - lack or excessive amounts of minerals, fats, sugars, alcohol.
The variable changed by the researcher.
Independent Variable
Non-disjunction in Meiosis can lead to?
Abnormal number of chromosomes - more or less.
Give one benefit and one risk of whole organism cloning.
Benefit = preserve endangered species / produce identical organisms. Risk = reduced genetic diversity, health problems.
Antibiotic effectiveness decreases overtime?Bonus - how does it occur?
Antibiotic Resistance. resistant bacteria survive initial treatment, reproduce as the dominant resistant strain.
The Adaptations that support Homeostasis?
Behavioural
Structural
Physiological
Bonus 300 points for an example of each?
The variable measured during an experiment.
Dependent Variable
Outline the process of DNA replication
DNA replication begins when the double helix unwinds and unzips, breaking the hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs. Each original strand then acts as a template.
Free nucleotides in the nucleus pair with exposed bases according to complementary base pairing rules (A–T and C–G).
DNA polymerase joins the nucleotides together to form two identical DNA molecules, each consisting of one original strand and one new strand (semi-conservative replication).
Explain the difference between a germ-line mutation and a somatic mutation.
Germ-line mutations occur in gametes and can be inherited; somatic mutations occur in body cells and cannot be passed on.
Compare passive and active immunit
Passive = antibodies given (short-term). Active = body produces antibodies after exposure or vaccination (long-term).
Explain how kidney dialysis mimics natural kidney function
Filters blood using a semipermeable membrane, removing wastes while retaining useful substances.
Koch's Postulates proved?
Bacteria responsible for the illness would only be found in the infected organisms.
Explain how errors in Polypeptide synthesis lead to a non-functioning protein?
Key points - errors in Transcription, translation
- alters amino acid sequence
- gives relevant example
The PROCESS of recombinant DNA technology to produce a GM organism?
- Locate resistant gene from other organism
- Insert gene into plasmid to form recombinant DNA
- recombinant DNA inserted into chosen organism
- gene is tested for presence and effectiveness
- culture organism - released
Explain how vaccines work.
Antigen delivered/mRNA or weakened virus
Antigen recognised by Immune system white blood cells lymphocytes
T and B cells replicate Antigens to attack virus
Memory B and T cells created in readiness for exposure
Analyse how epidemiological studies are used to investigate non-infectious diseases.
Identify patterns of incidence, prevalence, and risk factors, evaluate treatment/management, and inform public health policies.
What was the significance of Pasteur’s swan-neck flask experiment?
It disproved spontaneous generation and showed microorganisms cause contamination