Breast Disorders
Women are encouraged to have this exam annually starting at age 40-55 to screen for breast cancer.
What is a mammogram?
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
Coarctation of the Aorta (COA)
What are acyanotic congenital cardiac defects?
Some signs & symptoms of a patient who's decompensating and probably requiring cardiac surgery.
What are fatigue, anorexia, nausea, dependent edema, tachycardia, SOB, and mental status changes, and or an elevated CVP & PAWP?
The likely diagnosis with the following clinical manifestations: lesions that are generally non-tender, fixed, hard, with irregular borders and more than half are found in the upper outer quadrant.
What is breast cancer?
Most important nursing teaching points for the post-valve replacement patient.
What is education on anticoagulation and antibiotics?
Breast pain, cysts, fibroadenomas and papillomas are usually considered this.
What are benign breast disorders?
After a procedure, protamine sulfate is given to reverse the effects of this.
What is heparin?
The proportion of blood pumped out of the heart with each beat. It can be measured by echocardiogram.
What is ejection fraction?
Patient presents with skin dimpling, nipple retraction, nipple discharge, skin ulceration, asymmetrical breasts, "peau d'orange" noted on exam.
What are some advanced clinical manifestations of breast cancer?
Breast cancer serum genetic markers that (when abnormal) do not keep breast cells growing normally or prevent cancer cell growth.
What are serum BRCA-1, serum BRCA-2?
This is a benign breast lump, usually firm, round, movable, and non-tender.
What is a fibroadenoma?
Category of congenital cardiac defects with increased pulmonary blood flow leading to a left to right shunt with no mixing of unoxygenated blood and normal heart pressures.
What is acyanotic?
Blood test marker for cardiac insufficiency or Congestive Heart Failure (CHF).
What is brain natriuretic peptide (also known as B-type natriuretic peptide or BNP)?
Education provided on when is the best time for menstruating females to perform a breast self-exam (BSE).
What is 3-4 days after menses ends?
Potential side effects after axillary lymph node dissection in women with breast cancer.
What are nerve damage, seroma formation, hematoma formation, wound infection, and high risk of developing lymphedema (on the side where the lymph nodes were removed)?
This is a proliferation of malignant cells inside the milk ducts without invasion into the surrounding tissue.
What is ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)?
Category of congenital cardiac defects with decreased pulmonary blood flow leading to a right to left shunt allowing unoxygenated blood to enter systemic circulation and changes in heart pressures.
What is cyanotic?
During this minimally invasive procedure a new heart valve is inserted without removing the old, damaged valve.
What is a transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TVAR)?
Important elements when providing education for visual inspection for the breast self-exam (BSE).
What are usual size, shape, symmetry, color, any sores or scaly skin, and or discharge from or puckering nipple?
Lymphedema patient teaching points.
What are: avoid using affected arm for blood draws, IVs, blood pressures; avoid lifting heavy weights with affected arm; avoid injury (cuts, insect bites, shaving); wear well-fitted compression sleeve; seek medical care if the affected arm swells?
This is a rare breast cancer that presents as a scaly erythematous, pruritic lesion of the nipple. It is often ignored and thought to be an eczema-rash.
What is Paget's disease?
Congenital cardiac condition comprised of four defects: hyperplasia of the right ventricle; ventricular septal defect; pulmonary stenosis; overriding aorta
What is Tetralogy of Fallot?
Medical term for other name(s) for human valves (cadaver donations), used for aortic/pulmonic valve replacement, last 10-15 years, very expensive, [does not generate thrombi - no anticoagulants needed], resistant to subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE).
What is a homograft/allograft?
Main pre-mammogram teaching points.
What are: don't wear deodorant or antiperspirant, powder, schedule test when breasts are non-tender or swollen and expect some discomfort when the breasts are compressed?
Complains of constant, boring pain (substernal, neck, or back), worsens when supine, dyspnea, hoarseness and dysphagia, facial edema, distended neck veins
What are symptoms for a thoracic aneurysm?