Systematics and Evolution
Darwin described evolution in these terms.
What is descent with modification?
This event is represented by a fork on the cladogram.
What is a speciation event?
A domain that was named in a misleading way, despite not actually being the most ancient domain on earth.
What is Archaea?
Eukaryotic cells have one major distinct organelle that prokaryotes lack.
What is the nucleus?
This apomorphy allows an amoeba to move.
What is the pseudopodia?
A subfield of biology that works to infer the evolutionary history of life on Earth.
What is systematics?
This characteristic is unique to a group.
What is an autapomorphy?
The three main bacterial shapes we observed in lab.
What are cocci, bacilli, and spirulloid?
The method we believe eukaryotic cells arose through.
This organism has a pellicle, stigma, and flagella.
What is Euglena?
A an evolutionary change- a new characteristic.
What is an apomorphy?
Reading a cladogram from left to right gives you relative context for this basic aspect of evolution.
What is time?
These structuring compounds are present only in bacterial cell walls, and traps the dye used in gram staining, giving bacteria with different quantities of it different shades of pink and purple.
What are peptidoglycans?
These apomorphies of a eukaryotic cell allow them to diversify in form and size, compared to bacteria.
Paramecium moves by using this apormorphy/structure.
What is the cilia?
These are the four components of taxonomy.
What are Description, Identification, Nomenclature, and Classification?
A group that includes some but not all descendants, and excludes the common ancestor of those descendants.
These bacteria form special heterocyst cells used for fixing N.
What are Cyanobacteria?
This apomorphy of eukaryotes redefined how genetic material is assorted and allowed for a huge diversification of all life on earth!
What is mitosis/sexual reproduction?
This organism has not only two flagella, but two primary lifestyles: planktonic and symbiotic.
What are dinoflagellates?
We use this naming style to standardize classification of organisms across the world.
What are latin names or, What is the binomial nomenclature?
The idea that the simplest explanation of a lineage is the most likely.
What is parsimony?
This method of reproduction left bacteria and archaea in the evolutionary DUST!
What is fission?
The amount of time we believe has passed since the first eukaryote evolved.
What is 2.7 billion years?
This word for "eating" is a method observed in many unicellular eukaryotes including Amoeba.
What is phagocytosis?