Historical Facts
Violence
Two-Legged Things
Events & Groups
Powerful Things
100
In September of 1899, Secretary of State Hay established this policy when he sent imperialist nations notes named after McKinley’s speech the year before. He asked them to offer assurance that they would respect equal trade opportunities, specifically in the China market.
What is the Open Door Policy?
100
The name of the 1900 revolt by a secret, nationalistic Chinese martial arts society nicknamed for their symbol, a fist. They took siege of the entire foreign diplomatic corps, whose members took refuge in the British Embassy in Beijing. The US quelling of the rebellion gave Hay the support he needed for his Open Door approach.
What is the Boxer Rebellion?
100
(1845-1912) Future father of 5-star WWII general. A prominent US commander in Philippine-American War, he convinced captured rebel Emilio Aguinaldo to support US. As Military Governor General of Philippines, requested 100,000 troops to pacify Filipinos and was transferred after one year due to clashes with civilian Governor General, future president William Howard Taft.
What is Arthur MacArthur?
100
In this election, Republican William McKinley was re-elected, defeating Democrat Williams Bryan with his pro-imperialism and the nation's growing national prosperity.
What is the Election of 1900>
100
(1850-1924) Republican US Senator from Massachusetts. Powerful chair of Foreign Relations Committee. Leading imperialist. As argument in favor of imperialism, he pointed out similarity of Filipino position to that of subjugated Indians (See? We've done it before. No problem.)
What is Henry Cabot Lodge?
200
Publisher of The New York World
Who was Joseph Pulitzer?
200
(1837-1917) destroyed the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay on May 1, 1998, losing only one American sailor (who died of sunstroke) and helping take the Philippines in the Spanish American War.
What is Commodore George Dewey?
200
US nickname for Spain's General ____ ____, who killed Cuban civilians in concentration camps before the Spanish American War.
What is Butcher Weyler? (General Valeriano Weyler)
200
Approved by the US Senate on February 6, 1898, this treaty ended the Spanish American War. The US gained Guam, Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines.
What is the 1898 Treaty of Paris?
200
(1850-1924) Hated Wilson with unseemly passion. Led fight against Treaty of Versailles, resulting in the US failing to join the League of Nations – and two decades in which we could not expand our influence nor help stabilize the world, because we would not commit to lasting relationships with other nations. In his words, US should be “master of her own fate.”
What is Henry Cabot Lodge?
300
Publisher of The New York Journal
What is William Randolph Hearst?
300
Rivalry between these two titans of publishing increased the readership of newspapers throughout the country in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and probably contributed to the Spanish American War.
What is Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst?
300
(1845-1937) McKinley appointed this NY lawyer as Secretary of War. Brilliantly reorganized & modernized army. Created Joint Chiefs of Staff. Remedied disorganization revealed by Spanish American War. Wrote new procedures for promotion, founded War College, enlarged West Point, opened service branch schools, strengthened control over National Guard. Created plan for returning Cuba to self-rule, wrote democratic charter to govern Philippines, eliminated taxes on imports from Puerto Rican to US. Perhaps most intelligent man to ever occupy this post.
What is Elihu Root?
300
A rider to the Army Appropriations Bill of 1901, it specified the conditions under which the US could intervene in Cuba's internal affairs, and provided that Cuba could not make a treaty with another nation that might impair its independence. Its provisions were later incorporated into the Cuban Constitution.
What is the Platt Amendment?
300
(1838-1917) Queen of Hawaii who gave the U.S. naval rights to Pearl Harbor in 1887. Deposed by American settlers in 1893.
What is Queen Liliuokalani?
400
James G. Blaine organized the Pan-American Conference in October 1889, attracting delegates from 19 nations. They agreed to create the _________, a weak international organization based in DC that served as a clearinghouse for distributing information to member nations; Blaine wanted more, including international arbitration.
What is Pan-American Union?
400
Site of Japan's sneak attack on our main Pacific fleet Dec. 7, 1941, which destroyed 18 US ships and 200 aircraft. US losses 3000, Japan <100. In response, US declared war on Japan & Germany, entering WWII.
What is Pearl Harbor?
400
(1845-1937) As Secretary of State, he arranged the Gentlemen's Agreement with Japan. Later served as US ambassador to Russia. Won 1912 Nobel Peace Prize. “There is so much of good in human nature that men grow to like each other upon better acquaintance, and this points to another way in which we may strive to promote the peace of the world.”
What is Elihu Root?
400
A league containing anti-imperialist groups; it was never strong due to differences on domestic issues. Isolationists. Grover Cleveland, Andrew Carnegie, Jane Addams.
What is the American Anti-Imperialist League?
400
27th President (1908-1912). Only person to serve as President & Supreme Court Chief Justice. Got stuck in the White House bathtub. In 1900, appointed as Governor General of the Philippines; in 1904, appointed as Secretary of War by Roosevelt, who then wanted him to become his presidential successor. Roosevelt supported him in 1908, but later ran against him.
What is William Howard Taft?
500
Besides fertile fields, this feature of Hawaii initially attracted the attention of the US. Base established there by 1887 treaty.
What is Pearl Harbor?
500
Nickname for the 1st Volunteer US Cavalry, formed by Theodore Roosevelt and Leonard Wood in 1898 to fight in the Spanish American War in Cuba. Included stellar athletes, cowboys, Indians and other colorful characters.
What is Rough Riders?
500
(1869-1964) led the Filipino insurrection against Spanish in 1896 and assisted the US invasion, but later led the fight against the Americans when they wouldn't leave. Captured and "pacified" by the US, he lived into his nineties. The first president of the Philippines at age 29, he outlived more successors than any other (dying at age 94).
What is Emilio Aguinaldo?
500
With Hawaii as an open back door, Japan agreed to stop issuing passports to their citizens to enter the continental US. In exchange, the US agreed to NOT pass embarrassing Japanese-focused legislation like the Chinese Exclusion Act; to accept the presence of Japanese immigrants already here; to permit immigration of wives, children and parents; and avoid legal discrimination against Japanese children in California schools. Not ratified by Congress. Overturned by the restrictive immigration acts in 1924.
What is the Gentleman's Agreement of 1907?
500
February 1989. Letter written by the Spanish ambassador to Washington, it was stolen from the mail and delivered to Hearst. The ambassador had called McKinley weak and bitter. It was played up by the yellow journalists.
What is the De Lôme Letter?
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