Vocab
What is a 363-mile manmade waterway that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes in upstate New York built in 1817-1825.
Erie Canal
How does the Columbian Exchange change the world?
Connectivity on an unseen scale.
What was an indentured servant?
people, often from Europe, who agreed to work for a master for a set number of years (usually 4-7) in exchange for passage to the American colonies, plus food, clothing, and shelter
What was the French-Indian War? How did it connect to the American Revolution?
Conflict between England-France for imperial domination and land in the Americas. England incurred debt after and taxed the Colonists.
Define Implied Powers
governmental authorities not explicitly listed in a constitution but are deemed necessary to carry out the powers that are listed
What was the process by which plants, animals, diseases, people, and ideas have been introduced from Europe, Asia, and Africa to the Americas and vice versa?
Columbian Exchange
What achievements did Native Americans accomplish independently on the North American continent?
Long before European contact, Native American societies developed advanced farming methods, trade networks, political systems, and cultural traditions that allowed complex civilizations to thrive across North America.
What were the British reasons for colonizing the Americas and the type of society they hoped to build?
Motivated by wealth, power, and religious influence, the British sought raw materials, new markets, and land in North America, aiming to create a Protestant, economically productive, and self-sustaining colonial society.
What were 3 weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?
Cannot Levy Taxes
Cannot form an army
No courts
Lack of centralized govt
Fought between the United States and Great Britain from after the revolution, this war was sparked by issues such as British impressment of American sailors and interference with U.S. trade, and it helped strengthen American nationalism.
War of 1812
What was a series of laws passed by the British Parliament that regulated trade between Britain and its colonies?
Navigation Act
How were Native Americans affected by European contact?
European contact brought devastating diseases, violent conflict, and economic disruption to Native American societies, while also forcing changes in land ownership, trade relationships, and traditional ways of life.
This 18th-century religious movement emphasized emotional preaching, personal salvation, and challenged traditional church authority, helping to unify the colonies and promote ideas of equality.
The Great Awakening
This 1776 document, primarily written by Thomas Jefferson, argued that governments exist to protect natural rights and justified the American colonies’ decision to break away from British rule
Declaration of Independence
What was the Second Great Awakening?
a major Protestant religious revival in early 19th-century America, characterized by emotional camp meetings, emphasis on personal conversion, free will, and societal perfection, inspiring major social reforms.
What was a law passed in 1820 to maintain the balance of slave and free states in the United States?
Missouri Compromise
How did European exploration positively and lastingly change the Americas?
Despite severe consequences for Indigenous peoples, European exploration led to long-term developments such as global trade networks, the spread of new technologies and crops, and the growth of new societies that reshaped the economic and cultural foundations of the Americas.
What was Bacon's Rebellion?
What was it lasting impact?
Indentured servants revolt against VA government.
First time on US continent, effectively ends indentured servitude and catapults slavery
How do restrictions on westward expansion affect the American revolution?
Restrictions on westward expansion, primarily the Proclamation of 1763, fueled colonial resentment by denying access to land that many colonists believed they were entitled to. This policy was seen as an overreach of British control, limiting economic opportunity and hindering social mobility.
What was a significant outcome of the Dred Scott decision?
Deepened regional divides-helped lead to Civil War, denied African Americans citizenship.
What was a 19th-century transformation in the U.S. economy, shifting from self-sufficient farming to a commercial system with factory production, wage labor, and interconnected national markets via new transportation like canals and railroads?
Market Revolution
What was the role of the Spanish Empire in the exploration and colonization of the New World?
Through conquest, forced labor systems like the encomienda, and the spread of Catholicism, this European empire established vast colonies in the Americas, extracted immense wealth from silver and gold, and reshaped Indigenous societies through exploration, settlement, and cultural assimilation.
What were the experiences of Native Americans under British colonial rule, particularly regarding land loss and cultural conflict?
Under British colonial rule, Native Americans increasingly faced land displacement through treaties and settlement expansion, along with cultural pressure from missionaries and colonial laws that challenged traditional lifeways and sovereignty.
A convention of delegates from the thirteen American colonies that served as the provisional government during the American Revolution
Continental Congress
What did the 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments do?
13- Abolish Slavery
14- Grant citizenship
15- Gives black men right to vote