World War I
The primary style of warfare during World War I. Slow-moving, stagnant, and dangerous.
Trench Warfare
What global financial event ruined the already delicate economies of Europe?
The invasion of this country marks the beginning of WWII.
Poland
What were the names of the three conferences where leaders of the USA, GB, and USSR met to decide the post-war order?
Tehran, Yalta, and Potsdam conferences
What are perestroika and glasnost?
Perestroika: economic restructuring
Glasnost: openness
both features of USSR leader Gorbachev's reign
Name three technological innovations that were influential in World War I.
poison gas, tanks, telegraphs, submarines, new artillery, planes, etc.
What is the term for the Soviet reorganization of agriculture and farming under Stalin?
Collectivization
What was the non-aggression pact signed between Germany and USSR, and what did it do?
Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (1939). The countries would split Poland to avoid fighting with one another.
What was the Truman Doctrine?
USA's commitment to giving money to European countries resisting communism. Goal: incentivize countries to ally with USA and the West over the USSR.
Name two of the 1989 "revolutions".
Solidarity in Poland
Fall of the Berlin Wall/German reunification
Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia
Term for when war involves all aspects of society, including the citizenry.
Total war
In June 1934, Hitler organizes the systematic killing of his political opponents known as...
The Night of the Long Knives
What was the Battle of Stalingrad?
Extremely brutal battle between Soviets and Germans in Stalingrad (now Volgograd). One of the bloodiest battles in the history of war--almost 2 million casualties.
What was Khruschev's Secret Speech?
1956 speech in which Khruschev denounced some of Stalin's actions (gulags, arrests, suppression) and insisted that the USSR would no longer defend them.
gender equality, women in the workforce, financial independence, freedom, birth control.
Name one of the stalemate battles (battles that didn't end with one clear winner) that we reviewed during World War I.
Verdun (1916) or Somme (1916)
This powerful group in Saint Petersberg, led by Leon Trotsky competed for power against the Provisional Government after the February Revolution.
Petrograd Soviet
Name a specific example of Jewish resistance to the Holocaust that we discussed.
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (1943)
Uprisings in concentration camps
Formation of Armée Juive and other militant groups
etc.
Non-Aligned Movement
Yugoslavia, Egypt, Indonesia, India, Cuba, Ghana, etc.
What is postmodernism?
New intellectual era beginning in the late 20th-century. Concerned with skepticism, moral relativism, getting rid of binaries and hierarchy, deconstructing traditions, subversion, subjectivity.
This 1918 treaty between the Russians and Germans allowed the former to exit the war during the Russian Revolution and subsequent Civil War.
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Name three differences between the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks
1. Bolsheviks led by Lenin, Mensheviks by Kerensky
2. Bolsheviks wanted more centralized party, Mensheviks wanted more democratic party.3. Bolsheviks believed Russia could move directly from agrarian monarchy to communism
4. Bolsheviks wanted to be the vanguard, Mensheviks thought the revolution would be spontaneous by the proletariat.
etc.
Which country had the largest number of casualties as a result of World War II?
USSR (24 million!)
What is gerontacracy? What problems come with it?
When a country is ruled primarily by the elderly. Describes the late Soviet Union, which was ruled by 75 yo Brezhnev, 68 y/o Andropov, and 72 y/o Chernenko in quick succession.
Issues: entrenched ideas; young people do not feel represented; little incentive to modernize or reform; risk of leaders dying
What was the Bosnian Genocide?
Genocide of the Bosnian Muslims (or Bosniaks) by Serbs during the collapse of Yugoslavia and Yugoslav Wars.