Early Explorers
The Moroccan-born African who explored Florida and the Southwest in the 1500s.
Who was Estevanico (or Esteban)?
South Carolina city where nearly half of all enslaved Africans brought to the U.S. arrived.
What is Charleston?
Major city that became America's largest and most active slave market.
What is New Orleans?
Crop boom in the Deep South that drove the massive growth of the domestic slave trade.
What is Cotton?
The European nation that imported the highest total number of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic.
What is Portugal?
Free Black conquistador who traveled with Spain to Florida in 1513 and planted the first wheat in New Spain.
Who was Juan Garrido?
The brutal sea journey across the Atlantic taken by enslaved Africans.
What is the Middle Passage?
The forced movement of over 1 million enslaved people to the Deep South for the cotton boom.
What is the Second Middle Passage?
Labor system where enslaved people worked on individual daily quotas with less supervision, helping preserve West African culture.
What is the Task System?
West African region that provided the largest percentage of captives directly to mainland North America.
What is Senegambia (or West Central Africa / Angola)?
Term for Spanish colonial Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina where early Africans arrived
What is La Florida?
Former slave who wrote a famous 1789 narrative describing ship conditions
Who was Olaudah Equiano?
Author of Twelve Years a Slave, who was a free man kidnapped into slavery.
Who was Solomon Northup?
Labor system where workers were forced to labor in groups under strict monitoring from sunup to sundown.
What is the Gang System?
The initial phase of the slave trade process, occurring before the Middle Passage voyage across the ocean.
What is the inland march (or coastal imprisonment in slave castles/dungeons)?
Spanish word for multilingual, Spanish-influenced Africans who arrived in the Americas before full chattel slavery was set up.
What are Ladinos?
Leader of the 1839 revolt on the Spanish ship La Amistad
Who was Sengbe Pieh (or Joseph Cinqué)?
Year the U.S. banned importing enslaved people from abroad, making domestic trade increase.
What is 1808?
Type of songs created by gang laborers using syncopated rhythms to set their work pace.
What are Work Songs?
Coastal forts built along West Africa's coast used by European traders to hold captives before shipment.
What are slave castles (or factories/dungeons)?
Kingdom in Central Africa where free conquistador Juan Garrido was born.
What is the Kingdom of Kongo?
Harlem Renaissance artist who painted Into Bondage, depicting the transatlantic slave trade.
Who was Aaron Douglas
Abolitionist poet who wrote "The Slave Auction" to show the trauma of family separation.
Who was Frances Ellen Watkins Harper?
Non-agricultural institutions that used enslaved labor, such as building campuses and maintaining properties.
What are Colleges and Churches?
Approximately what percentage of all transatlantic captives went directly to North America (compared to South America and the Caribbean)?
What is about 5% (or ~388,000 people)?