Context
Between 1200 and 1450, ECONOMIC activity along existing trade routes INCREASED in both volume and scope. Name the three factors that drove this increased economic activity.
Technological and commercial innovations
Imperial Expansion
Demand for Luxury Goods
What technological innovations allowed for safer and more practical travel along the Silk Road?
Caravan
China's economy was described as a...
Money Economy.
This was the primary form of expansion by the Mongols under Temujin (Genghis Khan).
Military Expansion
Who is the famous Khan of the Yuan Dynasty
Kublai Khan
Between 200 B.C.E. and 1450 C.E., the Silk Roads linked which of the following?
A. The Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean
B. North Africa and western Europe
C. East Asia and the Mediterranean Sea
D. The Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea
C. East Asia and the Mediterranean Sea
A deepening and widening of networks of human interaction within and across regions contributed to __________, __________, and ___________ diffusion within and between various societies. Fill in all three blanks.
Cultural
Biological
Technological
Which event opened Europe up directly with Silk Road Trade?
Crusades
The Chinese government would create a system of credit that would facilitate ease of trade. What is it called?
Flying cash
What exactly made the Mongol army so effective and feared? Name two things.
Strong on horseback
Proficient with the short bow
Disciplined with strong communication
Superior military strategies
Superior military technology (short bow, siege weapons)
Hulegu and other Mongols living in the Ilkhanate would convert to this religion?
Local Persians would be incorporated into the new state how?
Islam
Become ministers, local officials, bureaucrats, tax collectors.
Commerce was a key mode of exchange between which of the following pairs of political entities?
A. The Mayan Empire and the Song dynasty
B. Ghana and the Mongol Empire
C. Japan and the Byzantine Empire
D. The Crusader states and the Fatimid caliphate
E. Venice and the Aztec Empire
D. The Crusader states and the Fatimid caliphate
What role do powerful states and empires play in the increasing volume and geographical reach of trade during the period 1200 to 1450?
tl;dr - they unify people under commercially friendly laws, allowing for the safe transport of goods across long distances. They consolidate raw materials and manufacturing. Promote trade. Keep safety along trade routes.
Name two caravanserai turned trade cities along the Silk Road.
Kashgar
Samarkand
Flying cash allowed a person to deposit _____________ under their name in one location and allowed them to take money out at another.
Paper Money
Genghis Khan's social policies were considered pretty liberal for their day...name one.
religious toleration
using former soldiers as peace keepers and facilitators of trade on the Silk Road
Widespread death from Mongol attacks/war.
Value a strong central leader (which we see to this very day and through each stage of Russian history)
Severed ties with Western Europe and made Russia develop a distinctly unique Russian culture.
The expansion of communication and trade networks in Afro-Eurasia from 600 C.E. to 1450 C.E. resulted in the spread of which of the following from South Asia?
A. Military weaponry, such as iron-tipped spears and chariots
B. Technological and scientific concepts, such as the decimal and zero
C. Irrigation technologies, such as ceramic pipes
D. Textile manufacturing processes, such as the spinning jenny
B. Technological and scientific concepts, such as the decimal and zero
Name 5 luxury goods that drove trade during this period.
silk, cotton textiles, porcelain, spices, salt, precious metals (like gold) and gems, slaves, exotic animals (like horses), fruits, tea.
Name four pieces of "new" technology that facilitated trade on the Silk Road.
Locations for flying cash and deposits of paper. money are called _________________.
There, they can present a _________________ - a document stating the holder is legally promised payment of a set amount on a set date.
Banking Houses
Bill of Exchange
Yuan Dynasty (China) Golden Horde (Russia), Ilkhanate (Persia), Chagatai Khanate (Central Asia)
What policies did Kublai Khan enact in China that gained him wider support?
Religious toleration to former oppressed groups like Buddhists and Daoists. Was also tolerant to Jews, Christians, and Muslims.
Women saw greater independence.
Which of the following did the Mongol armies fail to conquer, and why?
A. Kievan Russia, because the Mongols were unable to endure the harsh Russian winters
B. The ‘Abbasid Caliphate, because the defenders flooded the Mesopotamian plains and made them impassable for the Mongol cavalry
C. Central Asia, because of the effective diplomacy of Timur and his successors
D. The Southern Song Empire, because of its superior resources from earlier industrial and commercial revolutions
E. Japan, because severe storms aided the experienced Japanese naval forces
E. Japan, because severe storms aided the experienced Japanese naval forces
The Topic 1200 to 1450 features many key Empires or Dynasties...name them (no, Kingdoms don't count).
Byzantine Empire
Abbasid Caliphate
Mamluk Sultanate
Seljuk Empire
Delhi Sultanate
Song Dynasty
Yuan Dynasty
Ming Dynasty
Mongolian Empire
Mongol Khanates
Mali Empire
Songhai Empire
Incan Empire
Aztec Empire
Srivijaya Empire
Majapahit Empire
Name five religions you'd be likely to see along the Silk Roads.
Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism.
This European alliance controlled trade in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. Members of this alliance were able to drive away piracy and monopolize the sale of certain goods in an effort to protect merchants and facilitate greater trade. It would last until the 17th century when governments could do this for them (because tax money is cool)
Hanseatic League
Yeah, the Mongols are one group of nomadic peoples in the Asian Steppe, but Topic 1 and 2 has mentioned numerous nomadic peoples in this region. Name
Tatars
Naimans
Merkits
Xiongnu
Uyghurs
Turks (including the Seljuks)
Jurchens
Sogdian
Name the LONG TERM IMPACTS of the Mongolian Invasions
Largest continuous land empire in history.
Revitalized Trade through the development of roads and protection of trade routes with military and laws.
Increased interactions led to increased cultural exchanges.
Spread of the bubonic plague.
Understood centralized governments and a universal law code...the areas they conquered would employ centralized governments to this very day.
Fighting techniques.
Spread of gunpowder - siege weapons, cannons, and gunpowder would transfer all the way to Europe.
A historian researching the effects of the Crusades on the diffusion of technology would probably find which of the following sources most useful?
A. European crusaders’ accounts of Islamic religious practices
B. Muslim accounts of European royal marriages
C. Monks’ translations of Arabic mathematics texts brought from conquered territories
D. Birth records from villages along the routes used by the Crusaders
C. Monks’ translations of Arabic mathematics texts brought from conquered territories