Cloning Basics
What is cloning in biology?
The process of producing genetically identical individuals or cells from a single original organism or cell.
What medical issue can cloning help solve by creating organs?
Organ shortages.
What species was cloned in 2021 using frozen cells?
The black-footed ferret.
What percent of cloning attempts typically fail?
90%.
What does STSE stand for?
cience, Technology, Society, and Environment.
Name the three main types of cloning.
Gene cloning, Reproductive cloning, and Therapeutic cloning.
How does cloning reduce organ rejection risk?
Organs or tissues are cloned from the patient's own DNA, making them a perfect match.
What’s one major reason for cloning endangered animals?
To preserve biodiversity and prevent extinction.
What condition is common in nearly 50% of cloned livestock?
Large Offspring Syndrome.
What cloning method is essential for gene cloning and therapeutic cloning?
SCNT (Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer).
What is the name of the process where the nucleus is removed from an egg cell?
Enucleation.
What institute successfully developed lab-grown bladders?
Wake Forest Institute.
What extinct animal was briefly brought back through cloning in 2009?
The Pyrenean ibex.
Why is cloning humans currently banned in many countries?
Ethical concerns, risk of abnormalities, identity issues, and lack of legal frameworks.
What is a potential misuse of cloning related to genetics?
Designer babies and eugenics.
What type of cell was Dolly the sheep cloned from?
A mammary gland cell from a Finn Dorset ewe (an adult somatic cell).
How has cloning helped in Alzheimer’s research?
Cloned brain organoids mimic disease progression and helped identify potential drug candidates.
What’s one ecological risk of releasing cloned organisms?
Disruption of ecosystems and biodiversity imbalance
What kind of social issue could human cloning cause?
Creation of a cloned social class and discrimination.
What societal concern involves cloning only being accessible to wealthy countries?
Equity and access.
What is SCNT and why is it important?
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer; it’s the foundational technique for reproductive and therapeutic cloning.
What type of cloning uses stem cells to create tissues for treatment?
Therapeutic cloning.
What agricultural benefit does cloning offer?
Producing disease-resistant crops and livestock.
What’s one major legal challenge related to cloning?
Lack of global consistency in cloning laws and potential for unethical practices.
Why is public engagement important in cloning technology?
To ensure informed decision-making and build public trust in biotechnology.