Perception
The ability to focus on one stimulus while ignoring others is called what?
Selective attention
Mental groupings of similar objects, events, or ideas are called what?
Concepts
An effortless, automatic feeling or thought
intuition
Name two Gestalt grouping principles
Proximity, similarity, continuity, closure, connectedness.
A person reads only news sources that align with their political views. What cognitive bias is this?
Confirmation bias
When texting and driving, where we fail to notice unexpected things when our attention is elsewhere?
Inattentional blindness
A mental image or best example of a category is called what?
Prototype
An ad says “80% lean” instead of “20% fat” to make the product seem healthier. This is an example of.
Framing
You see a circle made of broken lines, and your brain fills in the gaps.
Closure
A man continues to believe vaccines are unsafe, despite overwhelming scientific proof to the contrary.
Belief perseverance
When hungry, people are more likely to perceive ambiguous images as food-related. Which perceptual influence does this demonstrate?
Motivation
Thinking about one’s own thinking processes
Metacognition
A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a problem is a(n)
Algorithm
In a road map, you trace a river’s path even if it curves behind obstacles.
Continuity
Students who predict they’ll score higher on a test than they actually do, leading them not to study, demonstrate what bias?
Overconfidence
What allows us to recognize objects as the same despite changes in angle, distance, or illumination?
Perceptual constancy
A simpler thinking strategy that allows quick judgments is called what?
A student insists on solving every math problem with the same formula because it's worked in the past, even when a new one would be easier. What concept is this?
Fixedness/mental set
An ad says “80% lean” instead of “20% fat” to make the product seem healthier. This is an example of.
Framing
Which cue requires two eyes and helps judge distance based on retinal disparity?
Binocular cue
Generating multiple solutions or ideas (provide the term)
Focusing on finding a single best solution (provide the term)
Divergent thinking
Convergent thinking
A scientist makes a surprising discovery while daydreaming, not through trial and error.
Insight
1.) Assuming that someone is a republican because they drive a large truck with an American flag on it is an example of what heuristic?
2.) Deciding not to invest in the stock market after recalling recent stories of people losing money during a market crash, even though long-term trends are positive is an example of what heuristic?
1. Representative heuristic
2. Availability heuristic