Chapter 5
The evolutionary process by which heritable traits that best enable organisms to survive and reproduce in particular environments are passed to ensuing generations.
What is natural selection?
A change in behavior or belief as the result of real or imagined group pressure.
What is conformity?
The persuasion focused on arguments and logic.
What is the central route to persuasion?
Two or more people who, for longer than a few moments, interact with and influence one another and perceive one another as “us”.
What is a group?
Shared expectations in a group about how particular people are supposed to behave in that group
What are social roles?
The study of the evolution of cognition and behavior using principles of natural selection
What is evolutionary psychology?
Involving both acting and believing in accord with social pressure.
What is acceptance?
The aspect of attractiveness related to liking people who are like us.
What is similarity?
People do better on simple tasks, and worse on complex tasks, when they are in the presence of others and their individual performance can be evaluated (Strengthening of dominant responses whether correct or incorrect in the presence of others)
What is social facilitation?
Asking for a small favor before asking for a big favor.
What is the foot-in-the-door technique?
Characteristics, both biologically and socially influenced, that we associate with males, females, or others
What is gender?
Conducted studies on obedience using shocking methods.
Who is Milgram?
Developing counter arguments against a moderate belief before being exposed to a stronger belief.
What is attitude inoculation?
Keeping people accountable for individual effort.
What is a way to prevent social loafing?
When the members of the minority opinion change the behavior or beliefs of the majority.
What is minority influence?
The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.
What is culture?
Difficulty of the task, group size, group unanimity, group cohesiveness, public instead of private, no prior commitment, status of group other group members, and times of crisis.
What are the predictors of conformity?
The motivation to think deeply and analyze.
What is the need for cognition?
The concern for how others are assessing us
What is evaluation apprehension?
A situation in which women are more likely to be aggressive than men.
What is social aggression (malicious gossip)?
The vicarious experience of another’s feelings; putting oneself in another’s shoes.
What is empathy?
Conducted studies on norm formation using the autokinetic phenomenon.
Who is Sherif?
When people allow the example of others to validate how to think, feel, and act.
What is social proof?
Group size, lower self-awareness, anonymity, and arousing/distracting activities
What are the factors in deindividuation?
One is a result of a desire to fulfill others' expectations, the other is the desire to be right.
What is normative influence vs. informational influence?