Individual Influences
Strategies include providing interpreter services, translating health education materials, and training staff in cultura competence
What are some strategies healthcare organizations can use to promote cultural competence?
During the ____________pathologic changes occur in the host without recognition, and the individual shows no symptoms, making a diagnosis difficult
What happens during the subclinical stage of a disease?
____________ is important in a screening test to detect 'true positives' and reduce the risk of false negatives, which could lead to missed opportunities for early intervention
Why is it important to have high sensitivity in a screening test?
____________play a critical role in reducing health inequalities by preventing the spread of communicable diseases, especially in underserved and vulnerable populations, thereby improving overall community health.
What role does vaccination play in reducing health inequalities in a community?
_____sets regulations for the acceptable limit of contaminants in drinking water.
What role does the EPA play in preventing waterborne illnesses in the US?
Religous beliefs can dictate practices such as dietary restrictions, the use of spiritual rituals, the rejection of certain medical treaments or stress a reliance on faith healers (for example)
How can religous beliefs impact health care decisions?
_________ such as mosquitoes and ticks act as carriers that transport the agent from the environment to the host.
How do vectors influence the transmission of diseases in the epidemiological triangle?
The agent (infectious organism), the host (susceptible individual) and the environment (setting that supports the agent and allows interaction between the agent and host)
What are the three main components of the epidemiological triangle?
______________develops after exposure to an organism while ____________immunity ocurs through vaccination without actual infection
What is the difference between natural immunity and vaccine-induced immunity?
A 45 year old woman has a well check and a mammogram.
What is a form of secondary prevention?
________involves unconscious stereotypes that influence behavior while __________ involves deliberate prejudiced thoughts and actions toward certain groups
What is the difference between implicit and explicit bias in healthcare?
___________________in the chain of infection, such as blocking the portal of exit or mode of transmission, disrupts the process of disease spread, effectively controlling or preventing the disease
How can breaking a link in the chain of infection prevent disease transmission?
The _________occurs in infectious diseases and refers to the time between exposure to the agent and the onset of symptoms. THe _______________occurs in chronic illnesses and is the time between exposure and symptom onset
What is the difference between the incubation period and the latency period?
_____________focuses on early detection through screening and initial treatement to stop the progression of the disease, while _______ aims to reduce the severity, complications, and long -term effects of existing diseases
What is the difference between secondary and tertiary treatment?
_________ limits treatment options, increases healthcare costs, and leads to prolonged illnesses and complications (think STDs, TB)
What are consequences of antibiotic resistance?
___________ clients may face discrimination, lack of inclusivity, and healthcare providers' unpreparedness to address their specific needs, which can lead to underserved and inequitable care
What challenges do LGBTQIA clients often face in accessing health care?
The purpose of _________________ is to conceptrualize and visualize the interactions between the agent, host, and evnrionment to better understand and control disease transmission.
What is the purpose of the epidemiological triangle in studying disease?
__________refers to the number of new cases of a disease occuring in individuals at risk during a specifc time period, while _____________ refers to the total number of existing cases (new and ongoing) at a specificed point or over a period of time
What is the difference between incidence and prevalence?
Includes vaccinations, hand hygiene and condom use to prevent diseases before they occur
What are primary prevention strategies in public health?
Examples include the common cold, tetanus, pertussis, gonorrhea, and congenital infections like group B streptococcus.
What are some examples of diseases caused by direct transmission?
__________focuses on lifelong learning, self-reflection, and partnership with clients, while __________ emphasizes acquiring specific knowledge and skills about different cultures
What is the difference between cultural humility and cultural competence?
___________ is calculated as: (Numbe of deaths divided by Number of individuals with that disease) x 100. It represents the lethality/severity of the disease
How is case fatality calculated and what does it represent?
_____________measures the number of deaths from a specific cause divided by the total population, while ____________ measures the proportion of individuals diagnosed with a specific disese who die from it, expressed as a percentage
What is the difference between cause-specific mortality rate and case fatality in measuring disease impact?
This waterborne illness is highly contagious and the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in the US.
What is Norovirus?
Complications include pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, and increased risk of contracting other infections.
What are some complications associated with sexually transmitted diseases?