DNA Structure
The building block (or monomer) of a protein.
What is an amino acid?
An agent that causes genetic mutations
What is a mutagen?
What is guanine?
This nucleic acid is primarily found only in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
What is DNA?
This is what DNA stands for
What is Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid?
The process in which RNA Polymerase reads part of a DNA strand and creates a matching mRNA strand
What is transcription?
What is a substitution mutation?
The RNA base that pairs with adenine
What is Uracil?
The type of RNA that makes up part of the ribosome
Instead of the base thymine, an RNA molecule contains this base
What is Uracil?
What is a codon?
When an extra base is added to a DNA strand
What is an insertion mutation?
The mRNA that corresponds to the following DNA sequence:
TTA CGA AGC
What is AAU GCU UCG?
What is a missense mutation?
The "backbone" of DNA consists of these two parts
What is a sugar (deoxyribose) and a phosphate
The particle that reads mRNA and matches it to corresponding tRNA to form polypeptide chains
What is the ribosome?
When a mutation does NOT cause a change to the amino acid sequence
What is a silent mutation?
The codons CUA and CUG both code for the amino acid Leucine, an example of how DNA is ________
What is redundant?
If a mutation causes a new "STOP" codon to appear in a sequence, cutting a polypeptide short
What is a nonsense mutation?
The ability to turn genes on and off
What is gene regulation?
The type of RNA that contains anticodons and a corresponding amino acid
What is tRNA?
Another word for an insertion/deletion mutation
What is a "frameshift" mutation?
While it is not the only codon that makes it, CUA will always code for Leucine. An example of how DNA is _______
What is non-ambiguous?
The protein that "unzips" a DNA molecule, separating the two strands
What is DNA Helicase?