Early Human History
This era is characterized by the mastery of fire, the invention of tools, and the development of language
What is the Paleolithic Era
These expert sailors are known as the "carriers of civilization" because they spread Middle Eastern ideas and the first phonetic alphabet around the Mediterranean
Who are the Phoenicians
This medieval cosmology taught that the Earth was at the center of the universe, a view that eventually became official Church doctrine
What is the Geocentric worldview
This system of government, as seen in the Sumerian city-state of Ur, features a head of religion who also serves as the head of government
What is a theocracy
After losing territory in France and imposing high taxes, this English monarch was forced to approve the Magna Carta ("great charter") in 1215
Who is King John
This major shift around 8,000 BCE occurred when humans discovered that scattering seeds led to crops, allowing them to produce their own food
What is the Neolithic Revolution (or first agricultural revolution)
This 1452 invention by Johannes Gutenberg made information widely available and led to the questioning of established religious and political structures
What is the printing press
Meaning "rebirth," this period involved the rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman knowledge that had been lost during the Middle Ages
What is the Renaissance
In the Roman Republic, these two leaders commanded the army and held the power to veto one another to prevent any one person from becoming too powerful
Who are the Consuls
One of the key provisions of the Magna Carta, it ensured that higher ranking officials could not be imprisoned without this
What is a fair trial or evidence
Appearing roughly 200,000 years ago, these individuals were identical to modern humans and created specialized tools, cave paintings, and musical instruments
Who are Early Modern Humans (or Cro-Magnon)
This warfare innovation from Central Asia supported a rider's foot and was key in establishing the social and political structure known as feudalism
What is the stirrup
This 1517 movement began when Martin Luther challenged the Catholic Church's practice of selling indulgences, or pardons for sins
What is the Reformation
This term describes a system where supreme power is concentrated in the hands of one person who often uses political propaganda to maintain control
What is a dictatorship
Motivated by heavy taxation and the loss of territory in France, this group of individuals led a revolt in May 1215 and captured London to force the king's approval of legal reforms
Who are the barons
Because Stone Age societies had small populations and lacked job specialization, their government systems were organized around this
Equality or shared decision making
This innovation supplied cities such as Rome with fresh water
What is the aquaduct
This step-by-step process requires scientists to collect accurate data and propose a logical hypothesis to explain evidence
What is the Scientific Method
What is representative democracy
This was the nickname for the King who was forced to sign the Magna Carta
John Softsword