HIV/AIDS 1
HIV diagnostic tests
rapid test, blood test, at-home test, nucleic acid test (most accurate)
Flu like symptoms
Fatigue
• Fever & night sweats
• Sore throat
• Weight loss
• Diarrhea
• Then asymptomatic (no signs / symptoms)
until it progresses to AIDS (late stage of HIV).
• AIDS s/s - Frequent infections as CD4+ cells decrease
(decreased immunity)
what is Sicke cell anemia
The RBCs have a distorted shape, transforming from a nice round plumb shape to a skinny sucked in sickle shape. These misshaped RBCs die quicker than normal RBCs, carry less oxygen to the body & get clogged in tiny blood vessels - blocking or occluding the blood supply causing ischemia (low oxygen) to the organs.
what is Leukemia
diagnostic test
overproduction of white blood cells (WBCs)
that crowd out the production of normal cells,
leading to low RBCs & low platelets.
Bone marrow biopsy
Criteria in Diagnosing with AIDS
CD4+ cell counts < 200
complications
infections
stroke
upper respiratory infection
leg ulcers
splenomegaly
the shape of the red blood cell
•S-shaped hemoglobin (sickle shaped)
symptoms of Leukemia
ANT
anemia
neutropenia
thrombocytopenia
Frequent infections, Fatigue, Unsteady Gait, Pale “Pallor”, Bruising, Petechiae, & easy Bleeding, Weight Loss & Anorexia, Bone pain
The ways of transmission
blood, sexual contact including amniotic fluids, seminal fluid, vaginal secretions and breast milk
potential complications of HIV/AIDS
•Opportunistic infections
•Respiratory failure
•Cachexia and wasting
•Medication side effects
what is sickle cell crisis
A vaso-occlusive crisis or “sickle cell crisis” can occur, causing extreme pain from the lack of oxygen!
treatment
Radiation & Chemotherapy to kill the cancer.
Rarely: Stem cell transplant - like hitting the restart button
to reboot the bone marrow.
Prevention
•Standard precautions when in contact with bodily fluids
•Always use a condom, even if the partner also has HIV
•Reduce sexual partners, be compliant with treatment
•Safe needle practice, no sharing
•Blood screening
Postexposure action after an accidental needle stick
1.Wash needlesticks and cuts with soap and water, milk the wound to encourage bleeding
2.Flush splashes to the nose, mouth, or skin with water.
3.Irrigate eyes with clean water, saline, or sterile irrigants.
4.Report the incident to your supervisor.
5.Immediately seek medical treatment with occupational health or the Emergency Department
signs and symptoms
•Presence of symptoms and impact of those symptoms on patient’s life; swelling, fever, pain
Nursing Interventions in improving nutrinal intake
◦Oral care before and after meals
◦Administer analgesics before meals
◦Appropriate treatment of nausea
◦Small, frequent feedings
◦Soft foods that are moderate in temperature
◦Low-microbial diet
◦Nutritional supplements
Treatment
•ART (anti-retroviral therapy) at least 3 medications from 2 different classes of medication
•AZT interferes with the replication of the virus**
•STRICT ADHERENCE IS VITAL to prevent drug-resistant strands of HIV
Gerontology Considerations regarding to HIV/AIDS
•nprotected intercourse
•Do not consider themselves at risk
•Social bias toward homosexuality
•May use IV drugs
•May have received HIV-infected blood before 1985
•Reduction in immune system function
Intervention of Sickle cell anemia
Hydration: IV fluids
Bed rest
Pain Control
• PCA - patient control
analgesia pump
• Call the HCP for
Higher doses
Nursing interventions related to risk of infection and bleeding
Mucositis
◦Frequent, gentle oral hygiene
◦Soft toothbrush or if counts are low, sponge-tipped applicators
◦Rinse only with NS, NS and baking soda, or prescribed solutions
◦Perineal and rectal care