Vocab 1
the ability to cause motion or change
energy
potential energy resulting from elastic forces
elastic potential energy
When someone is sitting on the top of a slide and is about to slide down, what form(s) of energy are most relevant to their position?
potential energy
What is NOT an example of potential energy?
A running woman
A compressed spring
An apple dangling off a branch
A candy bar
A running woman
In what type of power plant would you see the following energy transformation?
Chemical Potential → Thermal → Kinetic → Electrical
Natural gas
the energy an object has due to its motion
kinetic energy
potential energy stored in a system of objects interacting due to gravitational forces
gravitational potential energy
Give an example of something that has kinetic energy.
answers will vary
The potential energy used to power the balloon car is greatest when?
- The balloon is as full as possible without popping
- The balloon is blown up a little, but not too much
- The balloon is deflated
- The balloon pops
The balloon is as full as possible without popping
An object’s temperature
A. always stays the same.
B. can only be raised a certain amount.
C. is the same as all objects surrounding it.
D. can change depending on its environment
potential energy stored in a system of objects interacting by electric forces
electric potential energy
a scientific law that states that the total energy of an isolated system always remains the same
law of conservation of energy
What is NOT an example of kinetic energy?
A car driving down the road
A bowling ball rolling down a bowling lane
Gas stored in a tank
Birds flying overhead
Gas stored in a tank
When does a rubber band have the most potential energy?
When it is fully stretched out as far as it can go.
Thermal energy can be transferred
A. between all moving objects.
B. quickly between systems of any size.
C. slowly between systems of any size.
D. As heat by the collision of particles.
D. As heat by the collision of particles.
the condition in which objects that are touching have the same temperature
thermal equilibrium
heat transfer caused by the collisions of particles of matter that are in direct contact
conduction
Potential and kinetic energy are important in roller coasters. At what point in the track below do the cars have the most kinetic energy?
At the bottom of the big hill
Chemical potential energy is stored in the bonds between atoms. This means chemical potential energy is greatest when?
Before a chemical reaction occurs
Explain why 10 grams of steam at 100 degrees celsius has more thermal energy than 10 grams of water at 100 degrees celsius.
The two systems have the same average kinetic energy and the same number of particles, but the steam is a higher energy state because its particles can move more freely (gas vs. water).
a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles of matter
temperature
the transfer of energy caused by the circulation of matter due to differences in density
convection
In a baseball game, the batter swings the bat at the ball. A loud crack rings out and the ball flies into left field. Describe what happened to the kinetic energy of the bat.
Some kinetic energy was transferred to the ball, and some was transferred to the air particles as sound waves.
Gravitational potential energy is stored ____________ due to gravitational forces.
A. in all objects
B. in a system of interacting objects
C. in objects high in Earth’s atmosphere
D. outside of a system of interacting objects
B. in a system of interacting objects
You have 2 liquids at 20 degrees celsius. You heat each to 21 degrees celsius. It takes more heat to get liquid B from 20 to 21 than it does liquid A. What can you tell about the two liquids, now at 21 degrees Celsius?
Liquid B has more thermal energy than liquid A