Economic Recovery and improved relations
What was the Dawes Plan?
This 1924 plan provided US loans to Germany to stabilize its currency and help it pay reparations.
What was the Kellogg-Briand Pact?
In 1928, over 60 nations signed this pact, which "outlawed" war as an instrument of national policy.
What was the League of Nations?
After years of exclusion, Germany was finally allowed to join this international peacekeeping organization in 1926.
Who was Gustav Stresemann?
This German Foreign Minister was the primary architect of the policy of "fulfillment," aiming to improve relations with the West.
What were the Locarno Treaties?
These 1925 treaties saw Germany finally accept its western borders with France and Belgium as permanent.
What was the United States?
This major power practiced "Isolationism" in the 1920s, refusing to join the League of Nations despite its economic influence.
What were short-term American loans?
Often called the "Golden Years," this period of German stability was largely fueled by these—which critics warned could be recalled at any time.
What was the "Spirit of Locarno"?
This term describes the period of optimism and peaceful cooperation that followed the Locarno agreements.
What was the Treaty of Rapallo?
Germany and the USSR shocked the West by signing this 1922 treaty, ending their diplomatic isolation from one another.
What was 1988?
While the 1929 Young Plan reduced total German debt, it was controversial because it extended the payment period until this distant year.
What were Eastern Locarnos?
Despite Locarno's success in the West, it failed to provide these—the security guarantees for Germany’s borders in the East.
What was France?
This country felt most betrayed by Britain's refusal to back a hardline stance against Germany, leading them to seek their own alliances.
What was the March on Rome?
This 1922 event in Italy saw a fascist leader take power, complicating European diplomatic efforts toward democratic stability.
What was the Washington Naval Conference?
This 1921-22 conference was the first successful post-WWI attempt at naval disarmament, primarily focusing on the Pacific.
What was the Treaty of Berlin?
This 1926 treaty reaffirmed the Rapallo agreement, ensuring German neutrality if the USSR was attacked by a third party.