Factory Difficulties
small factories where employees have to work long hours in poor conditions and for little money
sweatshops
Negotiating as a group with their employer for higher wages or better working condition
Collective Bargaining
1866 labor-related protest in Chicago which ended in deadly violence
Haymarket Riot
Many laborers, especially those who worked in mines, were forced to live in isolated communities near their workplaces. These were owned by the business and rented out by the employees.
Company towns
An economic and political philosophy that favors public, instead of private, control of property and income. Spread throughout Europe.
Socialism
1892, strike against Carnegeie's steelworks in Homestead, Pennsylvania
Homestead strike
Labor union that sought to organize all workers and focused on broad social reforms
Knights of Labor
Former Railroad worker that founded ARU (American Railway Union).
Eugene V. Debs
In 1879, he took on the leadership of the Knights. The son of Irish immigrants he had worked as a machinist on the railroad before rising to become mayor of Scranton, Pennsylvania, in 1870s
Terence V. Powderly
Was organized as an industrial union, grouping all railroad workers together rather than into separate trade unions according to the job they help.
American Railway Union
Poor Jewish immigrant from England who had worked his way up to head the Cigarmarkers' Union in New York. Helped found the American Federation of Labor and served as its president for nearly 40 yrs in 1886.
Samuel Gompers
Violent 1894 railway worker's strike which began outside of Chicago and spread nationwide
Pullman Strike