El pretérito y el imperfecto
Which 2 subject pronouns always have accent marks for regular preterite tense verbs?
"yo" y "él, ella, usted"
In noun clauses (the most common subjunctive sentence structure), what 4 things MUST be present to use the subjunctive?
"QUE", "2 subjects", "a WEIRDO category", "the indicative first then the subjunctive"
All sentences with "si" clauses have 2 clauses, an "if" clause and a _____________.
Name at least 4 of the 6 uses of "se" you have learned.
"Reflexivo", "Recíproco", "Falso", "Impersonal", "Pasivo", "Accidental".
Fill in the blank: "Voy a trabajar duro en mi solicitud porque quiero una _____________ con la compañía."
"entrevista"
Fill in the blanks: Anoche yo _______ (ir) al mercado, _______ (comprar) leche, y mi madre me _______ (saludar) en el mercado.
"fui", "compré", "saludó".
Explain why there are two different subjunctive conjugations used in the following sentences:
"Su papá tiene miedo de que sus hijos no sepan cocinar."
"Su papá tenía miedo de que sus hijos no supieran cocinar."
The first sentence uses the present subjunctive because the present indicative is used in the beginning of the sentence.
The second sentence uses the past subjunctive because one of the two past indicative tenses (imperfect) is used in the beginning of the sentence.
The "then" clause always includes what verb tense? How do you form that verb tense?
"Conditional"
"Start with the infinitive and add the -er/-ir imperfect endings without removing -ar/-er/-ir from the infinitive (there are 10 irregular stems: dir/har/podr/querr/sabr/pondr/saldr/tendr/vendr)"
Explain the difference between the use and conjugation structures of the "se impersonal" and the "se pasivo".
The "se impersonal" has an impersonal/vague subject not explicitly mentioned in the sentence and a singular él/ella/usted conjugation is always used. The "se pasivo" mentions the subject in the same sentence (or one close-by) and flips the sentence from active voice to passive voice. This means that instead of saying someone [does the action] in the passive voice [the action was done] by someone.
Explain why the two sentences below use two different relative pronouns and what both of them mean in English.
"El profesor que enseña la clase es fantástico."
"El profesor, quien enseña la clase, es fantástico."
Both relative pronouns "que" and "quien" mean "who" here. In the first sentence, "que" is used because we default to "que" for "who" unless the information is set off by commas or it follows a preposition (a, de, para, etc). In the second sentence, "quien" is set off by commas, making it extra information not necessary for a complete sentence.
What are the three irregular verbs in the imperfect? Conjugate "comer" and "bailar" in all 5 forms of the imperfect.
"IR, SER, VER"
"Comía, comías, comía, comíamos, comían"
"Bailaba, bailabas, bailaba, bailábamos, bailaban"
Explain the timeline and each verb conjugation in the following sentence:
"Cuando llegamos a la entrevista, la secretaria se alegró de que hubiéramos llegado a tiempo."
"Llegamos" and "alegró" are conjugated in the preterite tense, meaning they took place in the past. "Hubiéramos llegado" is conjugated in the pluperfect subjunctive, meaning it also took place in the past, but prior to the two preterite actions.
The "si" clause always includes what verb tense? What is the 3 step process to form this verb tense?
"Imperfect subjunctive"
"1. start with the ellos form of the preterite, 2. drop -ron, 3. add -ra/-ras/-ra/-ramos/-ran"
Explain the following sentence structure and which use of "se" appears, including what is taking the blame and why the verb is conjugated as it is, who should be to blame and where to find them in the sentence, etc: "En mi sueño se me descompuso el coche."
The "se" accidental is used here. The subject is "el coche" which is why the singular preterite tense of "descomponer" is used (conjugated like "poner" in the preterite). "I/Yo" should be to blame, so the indirect object pronoun "me" is used to show who is "affected".
Fill in the blanks with the correct definite or indefinite article, if needed: "Usualmente, Paco va al mismo casino todos _____ viernes. Ayer, él fue a _____ casino nuevo. Perdió _____ 100 dólares en _____ segunda jugada."
"Usualmente, Paco va al mismo casino todos LOS viernes. Ayer, él fue a UN casino nuevo. Perdió X 100 dólares en LA segunda jugada."
Fill in the blanks: Eran las once de la noche y yo _______ (estar) leyendo un libro, cuando de repente se _______ apagar todas las luces. _______ (Poner) el libro en el suelo. La verdad es que _______ (tener) mucho miedo.
"estaba", "apagaron", "puse", "tenía"
Fill in the blanks: "No creo que ese reportero ______ (tener) mucha experiencia. Yo esperaba que ______ (poder) darme una nueva perspectiva sobre los sucesos del día."
"tenga", "pudiera"
Translate to English: "Si yo tuviera un Tesla, lo manejaría todos los días."
"If I had a Tesla, I would drive it every day."
Fill in the blanks with the "se pasivo": "Nadie resultó herido pero ______ (romper) las ventanas y ______ (quemar) muchos documentos importantes."
"se rompieron", "se quemaron"
Fill in the blanks with the correct conjugation of the most logical verb from the bank: amenzar, opinar, adaptarse, frenar
1. Algunos científicos ______ que la terapia genética podrá curar el cáncer.
2. Es curioso que las plantas del desierto ______ a condiciones tan áridas.
3. Tenemos que ______ el calentamiento global.
1. "opinan"
2. "se adapten"
3. "frenar"
Translate to Spanish: When I was a child, I played soccer every Friday. When I was 10, I broke my arm.
"Cuando era niño, jugaba al fútbol todos los viernes. Cuando tenía 10 años, me rompí el brazo."
Translate to Spanish using 3 different subjunctive conjugations:
"I doubt that they arrive on time."
"I doubted that they arrived on time."
"I doubted that they had arrived on time."
"Dudo que lleguen a tiempo."
"Dudaba que llegaran a tiempo."
"Dudaba que hubieran llegado a tiempo."
Translate to Spanish: "If you won the lottery, you would travel to Europe and your mother would go with you."
Translate "I forgot my keys" to Spanish, using the "se accidental" to change the blame.
"Se me olvidaron las llaves."
Translate to Spanish: "People know that lawyers earn a good salary."
"Se sabe que los abogados ganan un buen sueldo."