Testbank 15
Gene ________ refers to the combined processes of transcription and translation. A) expression
B) replication
C) modification
D) regulation
A) expression
In order for transcription to be initiated
A) DNA polymerase must have access to the DNA double helix and must also be capable of binding to the gene's promoter.
B) RNA polymerase must have access to the DNA double helix and must also be capable of binding to the gene's promoter.
C) DNA polymerase must have access to the RNA and must also be capable of binding to the gene's promoter.
D) RNA ligase must have access to the DNA double helix and must also be capable of binding to the gene's promoter.
E) RNA polymerase must have access to the DNA double helix and also must be capable of binding to the gene's operator.
B) RNA polymerase must have access to the DNA double helix and must also be capable of binding to the gene's promoter.
A restriction in genetic variability caused by a drastic reduction in population size is called a
A) founder effect.
B) Hardy-Weinberg effect.
C) bottleneck effect.
D) polymorphic effect.
E) adaptive effect.
C) bottleneck effect.
Which isolating mechanism is postzygotic?
A) hybrid sterility
B) behavioral isolation
C) ecological isolation
D) mechanical isolation
E) temporal isolation
A) hybrid sterility
If a gene is found in different groups, it is said to be
A) active.
B) variable.
C) conserved.
D) associational.
E) endogenous.
C) conserved.
During ________, nucleotide sequence information is changed into amino acid sequence information.
A) replication
B) sequencing
C) transcription
D) translocation
E) translation
E) translation
Certain proteins can bind to specific DNA regulatory sequences by entering
A) the major groove of the DNA and reading the nucleotide base pairs.
B) the minor groove of the DNA and reading the nucleotide base pairs.
C) the major groove of RNA and reading the nucleotide base pairs.
D) DNA's major groove by using DNA polymerase and reading the nucleotide base pairs. E) DNA's minor groove by using DNA polymerase and reading the nucleotide base pairs
A) the major groove of the DNA and reading the nucleotide base pairs.
In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, p and q are ________.
A) allele frequencies
B) genotypes
C) phenotypes
D) measures of fitness
E) mutation rates
A) allele frequencies
According to the biological species concept, two groups of organisms that are unable to form fertile, viable hybrids are considered to be different
A) races.
B) species.
C) kingdoms.
D) hybrids.
E) cohabitants.
B) species.
Choose the true statement about the human genome and the tiger pufferfish genomes.
A) Essentially all the human genes have nearly identical counterparts in pufferfish.
B) The order of genes along the chromosomes in both species is essentially identical.
C) Both species have about the same number of introns and "nonsense" sequences of DNA. D) About 25% of human genes are unique when compared to the tiger pufferfish genome.
D) About 25% of human genes are unique when compared to the tiger pufferfish genome.
During translation, uncharged tRNA molecules leave the ribosome from the ________ site.
A) E
B) P
C) A
D) termination
E) release
A) E
A defining characteristic of eukaryotic organisms is that they
A) have their transcription occurring in the cytoplasm and translation in the nucleus.
B) have their transcription occurring in the nucleus and translation in the cytoplasm.
C) have only operons to assist in gene expression.
D) carry out protein synthesis only in the presence of the cAMP molecule.
E) use the leucine zipper primarily for the production of the amino acid tryptophan.
B) have their transcription occurring in the nucleus and translation in the cytoplasm.
The frequency of a particular allele within a population can be changed, over time, by
A) genetic outflow.
B) large population size.
C) selection.
D) inheritance of acquired characteristics.
E) random mating.
C) selection.
Scientists found that different beak shapes correlate with different mating songs in Darwin's finches. Which hypothesis does this support?
A) Darwin's finches are not different species according to the Biological Species Concept.
B) Adaptation to different food sources led to behavioral isolation in Darwin's finches.
C) Mating songs are primarily determined by the acoustics of different beaks.
D) Adaptation to different food sources likely occurred after reproductive isolation in Darwin's finches.
B) Adaptation to different food sources led to behavioral isolation in Darwin's finches.
The breast cancer gene BRCA1 has a very similar sequence in humans, mice, and gorillas, due to its origination in a common ancestor. The BRCA1 genes in these species are examples of ________.
A) orthologs
B) paralogs
C) polyploidy
D) synteny
A) orthologs
Transcription in prokaryotes is carried out by ________, which unwind(s) and transcribe(s) the gene.
A) RNA synthetase
B) RNA polymerase II
C) RNA polymerase III
D) transcription factors
E) RNA polymerase
E) RNA polymerase
Regulatory proteins can identify specific sequences on the DNA double helix without unwinding the helix. This is accomplished by inserting
A) RNA promoters into either the major groove or the minor groove of the double helix where the edges of the nitrogen bases protrude.
B) DNA-binding motifs into the minor groove of the double helix where the edges of the nitrogen bases protrude.
C) DNA polymerase into the major groove of the double helix where the edges of the nitrogen bases protrude.
D) RNA polymerase into the major groove of the double helix where the edges of the nitrogen bases protrude.
E) DNA-binding motifs into the major groove of the double helix where the edges of the nitrogen bases protrude.
E) DNA-binding motifs into the major groove of the double helix where the edges of the nitrogen bases protrude.
The presence of the disease sickle cell anemia illustrates that natural selection does not always eliminate ________ alleles.
A) dominant
B) recessive
C) polymorphic
D) neutral
B) recessive
Scientists observed that marine bryozoan fossils lack intermediate forms. This evidence supports which hypotheses? Check all that apply.
A) Evolution occurs in spurts, alternating with long periods of little change.
B) Evolution proceeds steadily, with gradual, incremental change in a given evolutionary line.
C) There is variability in the rate of evolution.
D) Evolution proceeds at a constant rate that is the same for all organisms.
A) Evolution occurs in spurts, alternating with long periods of little change.
C) There is variability in the rate of evolution.
Using the sequencing results for genomes from each of the kingdoms, it is currently possible
A) to explore genetic differences between species very directly, examining DNA changes.
B) to build, from scratch, complex organisms with trans-kingdom genomes.
C) to sequence and build, from scratch, simple organisms with trans-kingdom genomes.
D) to design humans with a variety of inter-kingdom abilities built into their DNA.
A) to explore genetic differences between species very directly, examining DNA changes.
If the sequence of bases in the template strand of a DNA molecule is 3' ATCGCTCC 5', what is the sequence of bases in the RNA that is transcribed from this molecule?
A) 3' UAGCGAGG 5'
B) 3' TAGCGAGG 5'
C) 5' UAGCGAGG 3'
D) 5' TAGCGAGG 3'
E) 5' AUCGCUCC 3'
C) 5' UAGCGAGG 3'
Control of gene expression (check all that apply)
A) allows bacteria to adapt to changing environments.
B) is critical for development in multicellular organisms.
C) allows bacteria to replicate without control.
D) allows multicellular organisms to maintain homeostasis.
E) it stops multicellular organisms functioning as a whole.
A) allows bacteria to adapt to changing environments.
B) is critical for development in multicellular organisms.
D) allows multicellular organisms to maintain homeostasis.
In the Hardy-Weinberg equations, the frequencies of 2 alleles in a population (where there are only 2 alleles to consider) can be designated as
A) (p + q)2.
B) p and q.
C) p2 and q2.
D) 2pq.
E) p2 and 2pq.
B) p and q.
Males of many marsupial species have forked penises that are incompatible with the anatomy of female placental mammals. What type of isolating mechanism does this represent?
A) ecological isolation
B) temporal isolation
C) mechanical incompatibility
D) hybrid sterility
E) prevention of gamete fusion
C) mechanical incompatibility
One of the reasons that pufferfish are a good species to compare to humans is because
A) it is so easy to hybridize the two and investigate the consequences.
B) they are so distantly related that it's easy to distinguish mutually conserved sequences.
C) the introns are often identical.
D) of the rapid response time in pufferfish to artificial selection.
E) they have been separated for so many millions of years and yet the gene sequence is almost identical.
B) they are so distantly related that it's easy to distinguish mutually conserved sequences.